廚餘堆肥控制策略之探討

Investigation of Control Strategies for the Composting of Household Food Wastes

林子傑(Tzu-Chieh Lin) ； 周楚洋(Chu-Yang Chou)

《農業機械學刊》 14卷4期 (2005/12) Pp. 37-53

https://doi.org/10.30062/JAM.200512.0004

摘要

本研究旨在探討不同控制策略對廚餘堆肥化過程的影響，藉由實驗取樣及分析的結果，作為此影響的判斷依據。本研究總共進行五個批次的實驗，每批次的醱酵原物料都是依菌種與自製廚餘1:15(w/w)的比例添加。第一批次為自然醱酵狀態，只外加風量控制並每日攪拌一次。第二批次則先擠壓去除廚餘物料的水分，其餘各項操作條件皆同第一批次。第三批次以加熱及攪拌使溫度維持在50±1℃的狀態，並持續三天，其餘條件則同前二批。第四批次使溫度維持在50±1℃一天，之後則恢復為送風及攪拌每日各一次。第五批次除了持續維持溫度在60±1℃的狀況下，並保持含水率在50%下進行醱酵。以上五個批次都採間續送風的方式，每半小時送風20min，風量為43L/min。實驗結果顯示加熱的操作對脂肪的去除有正面的助益，去除的效率以第四批次最好，7天內由4.96%減少到3.02%。C/N比的下降速度則以第五批次最佳，7天內從50.4下降至38.5。各批次pH值都為先降後昇，灰分則為持續增加，粗纖維去除效果則不明顯。CO2濃度變化，在有加熱的狀況下，往往第一小時皆會超過50,000ppm，脂肪的去除則是在第二個峰值出現時進行分解。

關鍵字

廚餘 ； 堆肥 ； 控制

並列摘要

This research aims to study the effect of different control strategies on the process of household food wastes composting. In order to meet the special control requirement, a fermentor with agitating mechanism and control capability of temperature, aeration and moisture content, was designed and fabricated for experiments. Five batches of experiments were conducted in this research. The feed was prepared by adding the seed to the self-cooked food with a ratio of 1:15 (w/w) in each batch. The first batch was aerated composting with agitation only once a day. In the second batch, the water of feed was removed with pressure at the beginning, and other conditions were controlled same as the first batch. The third batch was heated constantly to maintain a temperature of 50±1℃ for three days, and stirred when the temperature is lower than the designated temperature, while other conditions were kept the same as the first batch. In the fourth batch, the fermentor was heated to maintain a temperature of 50±1℃ during the first day, and other conditions were controlled same as the first batch. In the fifth batch, temperature of the fermentor was maintained at 60±1℃, and an automatic water spray system was added to maintain the composting material at a moisture content of 50%. Intermittent aeration was adopted for all five -batches experiments. The fermentor was aerated 20 min for every half an hour with an air flow of 43 L/min. It was found that heating is beneficial to the removal of lipid. In operation of the fourth batch, the lipid content decreased from 12.6% to 4.6% in seven days. The fastest C/N decrease, down from 50.4 to 38.5 in seven days, was occurred in the fifth batch. The pH of all five batches behaved the same trend, dropped at beginning and then gradually rose. Ash content of all five batches was gradually increasing. None of the five batches showed remarkable removal efficiency of crude fiber. When heated, the CO2 concentration was climbed over 50,000 ppm in the first hour. The lipid degradation was occurred at the time when the second peak of CO2 curve appeared.

並列關鍵字

Household food wastes ； Composting ； Control