發展紙筆測驗以探究高三學生對化學平衡的迷思概念

The Development of a paper-pencil Test to Assess Students' Misconceptions on Chemical Equilibrium

蔡玟錦(Wen-Chin Tsay) ； 陳瓊森(Chyong-Sun Chen)

《科學教育》 3期 (1992/04) Pp. 149-174

https://doi.org/10.6767/JSE.199204.0149

摘要

為了探究高中學生對化學平衡有那些迷思概念，本研究首先編製開放式問答測驗卷，要求學生預測現象，並說明所根據的理由，然後，經由學生的回答作歸類，將學生常有的迷思概念分出類型，再正式編製成以二段式選擇題為主的封閉式測驗卷。受試樣本為台灣省中部地區的240名高三自然組學生。題目難度的範圍在0.30～0.85，題目鑑別度的範圍在0.18～0.80，庫李信度為0.84。另外，由樣本中抽選學生28名，進行結構性晤談，得紙筆測驗結果與晤談結果的一致性為0.68。
根據本研究封閉式測驗的結果，學生在化學平稀概念最常產生的迷思概念陳述如下：
1．當置入反應物，開始進行反應之初，逆反應速率不為零。
2．正反應速率與逆反應速率的比值等於平衡常數。
3．催化劑與反應物所形成的新活化錯合物的位能比原先的活化錯合物位能可能升高，也可能降低。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to develop a paper-pencil test and assess the senior high school students’ misconceptions on chemical equilibrium.
First, a paper-pencil test which consists of open-ended questions was developed. Students’ misconceptions were identified by their responses to open-ended paper-pencil questions. Then a two-tier test was developed based on students’ reasons for their choice as well as on information gathered from the open-ended paper-pencil questions. The first part of each item on the test is a multiple choice question concerning chemical equilibrium which asks students to predict what will happen. The second part of each question con2ains a set of three or four possible reasons for the answer given to the first part.
Two hundred and forty 12th grade students in central Taiwan who had studied chemical equilibrium were examined. Difficulty indices of the test range from 0.30 to 0.85, discrimination indices range from 0.18 to 0.80, and Kuder- Richardson reliability is 0.84. Of 240 students who took paper-pencil test, 28 were selected for interview. The result indicates that 68% of students’ responses to interview are consistent with their answers on paper-pencil test.
The most significant misconceptions revealed by the study are:
1. Before the reactors begin to react, the rate of the reverse reaction is initially non-zero;
2. The ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction equals to the equilibrium constant;
3. The potential energy of a new activated complex which was formed from the catalyst and the reactor may be more or less than the potential energy of original activated complex.