愛默森《自然》中的超越觀與社會關懷

Emerson's Transcendental Vision and Social Concern in Nature

郭章瑞(Chang-Jui Kuo)

《高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類》 21期 (2006/12) Pp. 65-75

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJ-HA.200612.0065

摘要

愛默森對超越主義的大力提倡，使不少讀者忽略他同時也是一位敏銳的社會批評家。事實上他的超越觀不僅關懷個人與大自然的和諧相處，亦注重個人與社會的密切互動。本論文不只研究愛默森所主張的天人合一，也特透過探討其對傳統、科學與宗教的改革呼籲，說明其社會關懷，以應證愛默森不但是大自然的祭司，也是熱衷的社會改革者。他的《自然》指出，一個真正的完人是在透過大自然涵養自我的同時，也能關懷及協助改革社會，以期日臻完美。

關鍵字

超越觀 ； 個人 ； 大自然 ； 社會 ； 傳統 ； 科學 ； 宗教 ； 社會關懷 ； 完人

並列摘要

Emerson's great reputation as a spokesman for American Transcendentalism makes quite a few readers neglect the fact that he is also a very incisive social critic. In reality, his transcendental vision is concerned with not only the individual's harmony with nature but also his close relationship with society. Thus, this paper aims to study both Emerson's advocacy of the cultivation of the individual through his immersion in nature and Emerson's social concern with tradition, science, and religion to illustrate that he is not merely a great priest of nature but also an acute proposer for social reforms. His Nature indicates that the complete man is the one who, besides cultivating individuality through the discipline of nature, can step out to engage himself in society and help bring society to an ideal state.

並列關鍵字

transcendental vision ； the individual ； nature ； society ； tradition ； science ； religion ； social concern ； the complete man

參考文獻

Forbes, Waldo E., and Edward W. Emerson, eds. The Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Vol. V. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., l911

Norton, C. E., ed. The Correspondence of Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Vol. I. Boston: J. R. Osgood and Co., l883

Cayton, Mary Kupiec(1991).The Prisonhouse of Emerson.American Quarterly.40(1),110-18.

Harmon, William,Holman, C. Hugh(1996).A Handbook to Literature.Upper Saddle River, N.J.:Prentice Hall.

Porte, Joel(Ed.)l,Morris, Saundra(Ed.)(1999).The Cambridge Companion to Ralph Waldo Emerson.Cambridge:Cambridge Univ. Press.