練習與工作限制對動態平衡姿勢控制的影響

Practice Sessions and Task Constraints on the Postural Control of Dynamical Balance

戴遠成(Yuan-Cheng Dai) ； 劉有德(Yeou-Teh Liu)

《高雄師大學報：自然科學與科技類》 22期 (2007/06) Pp. 23-38

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJST.200706.0023

摘要

本研究目的是使用的主成份分析來檢視兩種工作限制的動態平衡姿勢控制學習在練習期間，其全身性動作的維度的變化。參加者為6名女大學生（年齡=20±1歲；身高=165±4.2公分；重量=57±5.6公斤），並且要求學習站立於寬區與窄區兩種動態平衡姿勢控制，共計12天（240次試做）的練習。採用Phase Space動作數位化系統：共架設12部高速攝影機其拍攝速度為每秒鐘60Hz。分別擷取參加者在練習期間，站立於動態平衡儀器的全身肢段三維座標運動學參數值36個變數。結果發現：主成份分析(PCA)顯示練習結束時，原本全身多肢段36維的變項簡化成三個就可解釋90%以上的全體變異量。可控制的維度的數量不會因練習而有所改變，但卻會因練習導致它們相關變數解釋量的轉變。結論：人體動作是受到身體的解剖、結構、環境和工作等多重限制條件下所形成的行為。練習時間與工作限制對動作的型態與肢段間的協調是重要控制參數。

關鍵字

動力系統 ； 主成份分析 ； 姿勢控制

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine dimensional changes of the whole body movement in the postural control on a stabilometer during extended practice. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the kinematics of the whole body in the experiments in which practice sessions and task constraints were manipulated. The task constraints were manipulated by instructing two groups of participants learning to balance on a stabilometer and to stand on the platform located at different areas. Specifically, participants were asked to stand on the outside (”wide”) or inside (”narrow”) of the platform respectively. Kinematic data comprising x, y, z positions of 12 markers (36 signals) were collected from participants standing on the narrow and wide areas of the stabilometer. The PCA showed that the 3-4 components were required to accommodate 90% of variance of the postural control of dynamical balance at the end of the final practice session. The multiple segments’ motions revealed that the number of controlled dimensions did not change across practice but practice shifted their relative contribution. In conclusion, human movements are accomplished under various integrated constraints that are anatomical, structural, environment and task constraints. Practice sessions and task constraints were important control parameters to the movement patterns and the coordination of segments in the multi-segmental movement.

並列關鍵字

dynamical systems ； principal component analysis ； postural control ； stabilometer

參考文獻

傅粹馨(2002)。主成份分析和共同因素分析相關議題之探討。教育與社會研究。3，107-132。

陳秀惠(2005)。量化全身性協調之工具－主成份分析。體育學報。38(4)，39-51。

Balasubramaniam, R.,Turvey, M. T.(2004).Coodrdination modes in mutisegmental dynamics of hula hoping.Biological Cybernetics.90,176-190.

Bernstein, N.(1967).The coordination and regulation of movements.NewYork:Pergamon.

Chen, H.,Liu, Y.,Mayer-Kress, G.,Newell, K. M.(2005).Learning the pedalo locomotion task.Journal of Motor Behavior.37,247-256.