《老子道德經河上公章句》的聖人論

The Theory of the Sage in the "Ho-shang Kung Chang-chü of Lau-tzu's Tao Te Ching"

蘇慧萍(Hui-Ping Su)

《高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類》 26期 (2009/06) Pp. 99-120

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJ-HA.200906.0099

摘要

《老子道德經河上公章句》(以下簡稱《河上公章句》)乃東漢黃老學者的著作，其中「聖人」實牽涉到了「治國」與「治身」兩個層面的實踐工夫。釐清了這兩項思想脈絡，印證「聖人」的實踐進程，是先以「治身」為本，而後以「治國」為用。在「聖人」思想轉出《老子》思想的脈絡上，其間透顯了《河上公章句》黃老思想重君治術與形神修養的思想理路，宇宙觀上著重「道」的先驗性與恆常性，在天人之間存在著「以人知天」的對應關係上。在治國的範疇中，推演出聖人以治術為導向的治國理念。其統治觀念的遞進，已顯明的將王弼內在本質的純然守真，轉化為內修外承的天人相貫。此變化的建立，在「懷道抱一，守五神」的治身理念上，已申衍「天、玄、清、雄、尊」、「地、牝、濁、雌、卑」兩項天人關係的價值判斷，筆者析論此價值彰顯了善養五臟之神，而成其「不死之道」的養生理論，確立了《河上公章句》承自黃老思想系統的清靜養神，過渡至神仙道教的神德長壽觀念成立的重要地位。

關鍵字

老子 ； 河上公章句 ； 聖人 ； 道家 ； 漢代

並列摘要

As the opus of Huang-Lau school scholars in the East Han dynasty, the main contents of ”Ho-shang Kung Chang-chü of Lau-tzu's Tao Te Ching” (hereinafter referred to as ”Ho-shang kung chang-chü”), as regards the sage in ”Ho-shang kung chang-chü,” show his ideal style is substantially involved in two fulfilling aspects of governing oneself and administering a country, and such connotation expounds that those two ideological contexts have proved the process of a sage should first be based on ”governing oneself,” and then be applied to ”administering a country.” The ideological context of sage transferred from the thoughts of ”Lau-tzu” illustrates that the ideological approach of Huang-Lou thoughts values governmental techniques of monarch and personal cultivation from body to spirit in ”Ho-shang kung chang-chü,” while its cosmology focuses on the transcendence and consistency of ”Taoism,” and there is a corresponding relationship of ”knowing the heaven through human” between human beings and the heaven. As to the domain of administering a country, it deduces the idea of a sage's country-administration is based on the approach of governmental techniques, and the gradual progress of governmental ideas has obviously transformed the pure devotion to authenticity within monarch's heart into ”the unity of heaven and man” of inner cultivation and external application. Such establishment of changing lay in self-governing ideas of ”embracing Taoism and syncretism, keeping five sensory organs sober” has yielded a value-judgment of two heaven-man relationships as ”heavenly, mystic, clear, masculine, reverend” and ”earthly, feminine, thick, sissified, humble.” The author analyzed such values manifest a regimen theory of ”immortal way” which confirms ”Ho-shang kung chang-chü” has inherited the serenity and spiritual cultivation from Huang-Lou's ideological system, then transits into standing in the important status of establishing the concept of godly ethics and longevity in the domain of fairy Taoism.

並列關鍵字

Lau-tzu ； Ho-shang kung chang-chü in Lau-tzu's Tao Te Ching ； sage ； govern oneself ； administer a country

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