A new lizardfish (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae) from Taiwan with descriptions of three new records. Zoological Studies 46(2): 148-154. In total, 13 species of the genus Synodus of the family Synodontidae are recorded from Taiwan. Of these species, Synodus taiwanensis sp. nov. is described as new based on 3 specimens; and, S. capricornis, S. lobeli, and S. tectus are new recorded from Taiwan. The new species, Synodus taiwanensis sp. nov., differs from other congeneric species by having a prominent black pigment spot on the upper edge of operculum. It can be further distinguished by the following characteristics: opercular black spot undivided; pectoral fin not extend beyond a line from base of pelvic fin to origin of dorsal fin; snout relatively short; slightly fewer peritoneal spots than similar species. As for the 3 new records, S. capricornis was previously recorded from the southeastern Pacific; S. lobeli was recorded from Hawaii and Japan; and S. tectus was recorded from the South China Sea to the Great Barrier Reef. The known ranges of these species are now extended to Taiwan. A key to all known species of Synodus from Taiwan is provided. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/46.2/148.pdf