Two new species of land-locked shrimp, Neocaridina saccam and N. ketagalan (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae), are described from Tainan, southwestern Taiwan, and Taipei, northern Taiwan, respectively. Based on morphological and molecular (mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I genes) evidence, both can be distinguished from their congeners. A speciation model for this genus on the island of Taiwan is also proposed based on geological events and molecular clock estimates.