Interplay between Forward and Backward Transfer in L2 and L1 Writing: The Case of Chinese ESL Learners in the US^1

Fred Jyun-Gwang Chen

doi:10.6241/concentric.ling.200601_32(1).0006

18.208.126.232，Hello！

Close
Search Quick Search Advanced Search Publication Search	Personal Service Member Login Searching History Use Bonus Card SYMSKAN
Browse Browse by University of Graduate Thesis Browse by Pinyin of Graduate Thesis Browse by Conference Proceedings Topic Browse by Conference Proceedings Publisher Browse by Pinyin of Conference Proceedings Browse by eBook Category Browse by eBook Topic Browse by eBook Publisher
Customer Services Authorize Airiti Recommend a Journal

Search Symbol (Half-width)	Description of Search Symbols
Space	"AND" indicates the intertwining of key terms used in a search
Double Quotation Marks ("") ( " " )	Double quotation marks indicate the beginning and end of a phrase, and the search will only include terms that appear in the same order of those within the quotations. Example: "image process" ： " image process "
?	Indicates a variable letter. Entering two ? will indicate two variable letters, and so on. Example: "Appl?", search results will yield apple, apply… e , appl y … ( (often used to English word searches) )
*	Indicates an unlimited number of variable letters to follow, from 1~n. Example: Enter "appl*", search results will yield apple, apples, apply, applied, application…(often used in English word searches) e , appl es , appl y , appl ied , appl ication … ( (often used to English word searches) )
AND、OR、NOT	Boolean logic combinations of key words is a skill used to expand or refine search parameters. (1) AND (1) AND: Refines search parameters (2) OR (2) OR: Expands search parameters (3) NOT: Excludes irrelevant parameters

DOI stands for Digital Object Identifier （ D igital O bject I dentifier ） ,
and is the unique identifier for objects on the internet. It can be used to create persistent link and to cite articles.

Using DOI as a persistent link

To create a persistent link, add「http://dx.doi.org/」「 http://dx.doi.org/ 」 before a DOI.
For instance, if the DOI of an article is 10.5297/ser.1201.002 , you can link persistently to the article by entering the following link in your browser: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5297/ser.1201.002 。
The DOI link will always direct you to the most updated article page no matter how the publisher changes the document's position, avoiding errors when engaging in important research.

Cite a document with DOI

When citing references, you should also cite the DOI if the article has one. If your citation guideline does not include DOIs, you may cite the DOI link.

DOIs allow accurate citations, improve academic contents connections, and allow users to gain better experience across different platforms. Currently, there are more than 70 million DOIs registered for academic contents. If you want to understand more about DOI, please visit airiti DOI Registration （ doi.airiti.com ）。

ACI:

Data Source: Academic Citation Index (ACI)
As Taiwan's largest Citation Index, we currently have on record all Humanities, and Sociology journals that were published in Taiwan. The number of periodicals that are published on a regular basis total around 400 different types. If periodicals that were added to the collection but then halted are counted as well, the number of periodicals total over 500 types. Every year we announce the recorded periodicals' impact factor, etc. to the public, and allow scholars utilize our materials to carry out academic research for free.

Impact Factor: The statistic indicating the average number of times a journal's articles published in the past two years have been cited in the counting year.
Formula: (Number of cites in counting year to articles published in the span of two years ) ÷ (Number of articles published in the span of two years)
Example: The impact factor in 2010 (determined in 2011)
In 2009, Journal A published 15 articles, and these 15 articles were cited 20 times in 2010.
In 2008, Journal A published 16 articles, and these 16 articles were cited 30 times in 2010.
→ →2010's Impact Factor = (20+30) ÷ (15+16) = 1.61 =（20+30）÷（15+16）≒1.61

What is "Preprint"?

In order to provide readers the forefront academic information, after articles are accepted to publish in the journal, we publish them in network before they're printed. Those "on-line first articles" are called the "preprint articles". The preprint articles do not have volume No., page No., publication date, but can be identified by the DOI number. 「 http://dx.doi.org/ 」 Link to the latest version of the article.

How to cite Preprint Articles?

Please use the online publication date and the DOI number of the preprint article to cite the literature.

Cited example (may vary with different formats you cited):

Author name. Article name. Journal name. YYYY/MM/DD online publish in advance.

doi:DOI Number

Data Source

P147 - 196

Humanities > Linguistics

DOI： 10.6241/concentric.ling

My Subscriptions

Bibliography Management Tool

Related Links

Report an Issue

Purchase Single Articles

Download PDF

Interplay between Forward and Backward Transfer in L2 and L1 Writing: The Case of Chinese ESL Learners in the US^1

正向遷移與逆向遷移在第二語言和第一語言寫作的互動：以台灣留美學生為例

陳俊光(Fred Jyun-Gwang Chen)

Concentric： Studies in Linguistics ； 32卷1期 (2006 / 01 / 01) ， P147 - 196

英文 DOI： 10.6241/concentric.ling.200601_32(1).0006

語言遷移；正向遷移；逆向遷移； U型曲線；主要分枝方向；時間順序原則；跨語言學習者比較；對比研究；後設覺知與跨語言覺知； language transfer ； forward transfer ； backward transfer ； the U-shape curve ； Principal Branching Direction PBD ； Principle of Temporal Sequence PSE ； crosslinguistic learner performance comparison ； contrastive r

Abstract │ Reference (96) │ Times Cited (2) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

This paper focuses on the issue of language transfer in an L2 environment. Research has shown that forward transfer from L1 to L2 appears at early stages and decreases as L2 proficiency increases. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that backward transfer from L2 to L1 may occur in an L2 environment in which subsequent contact to L2 is limited or in an L2 academic community in which confirming evidence that L1 syntax is correct is lacking. The study of this paper investigates Chinese and Spanish learners across three English proficiency levels, who wrote in L1 and L2 at U.S. graduate schools. All participants completed sentence and discourse tasks. It is found that forward transfer occurred in the Chinese learners' L2 writing at the discourse level and that backward transfer occurred in their L1 writing at the sentence level. Moreover, both forward transfer and backward transfer are mitigated by L2 proficiency. Furthermore, among the Level 2 Chinese learners, the relationship between forward transfer and L2 proficiency in the English sentence task follows a U-shaped curve, and the relationship between backward transfer and L2 proficiency in the Chinese sentence task also follows a U-shaped curve. The results of this study point to the complexity of language transfer and its interactions with L2 proficiency and distinctive task types.

Reference ( 96 ) 〈TOP〉

Anderson, Roger W.,R. W. Andersen(ed.)(1983).Pidginization and Creolization as Language Acquisition.Rowley:Newbury House.
Azabdaftari, Behrooz.(1986).An evaluation of the position of the sentence-combining practice in the composition methodology.Trabalhos em Linguistica Aplicada,8,7-24.
Berman, R.(1980).Postposing, lexical repetition and the like: A study in contrastive stylistics.Journal of Applied Linguistics,2,3-25.
Brown, Douglas, H.(2000).Principles of Language Learning and Teaching.White Plains:Longman.
Brown, Penelope,Levinson, Stephen C.(1987).Politeness: Some Universal in Language Usage.Cambridge:Cambridge University.

Times Cited ( 2 ) 〈TOP〉

Su, I-Ru(2012).Bi-directional Transfer in Chinese EFL Learners' Apologizing Behavior.同心圓：語言學研究,38(2),237-266.
(2020).Acquiring the polysemous adverb HAI in Chinese by English-speaking, Japanesespeaking, and Korean-speaking CSL learners.Concentric： Studies in Linguistics,46(2),173-205.

Altmetrics

〈TOP〉

E-mail ：

When an article is available to download, a notice will be sent to your mailbox address.

E-mail ：