- 期刊
Analysis of Poisoning Cases, Monitoring and Risk Warning for Marine Toxins (TTX, PSP and CTXs) in Taiwan
台灣海洋生物毒（河魨毒、麻痺性貝毒及熱帶性海魚毒）之中毒案例、監測及風險預警分析
摘要
本報告整理並分析近年來台灣所發生的海洋生物毒中毒事件。台灣常見的Tetrodotoxin（TTX）中毒大部分因食用了河魨所製成之香魚片及魚卵所引起，其他含有TTX之有毒物種包含部分螺類及蝦虎魚。Paralytic shellfish poisons（PSP）之中毒則通常由被渦鞭毛藻Alexandrium minutum污染之螺貝類所引起，經研究其主要毒成分包含有巨蚌毒素（saxitoxin）、新巨蚌毒素（neosaxitoxin）及1-4型膝溝藻毒素（gonyautoxin 1-4）等。而在台灣曾造成熱帶性海魚毒中毒之海洋生物，包含笛鯛、鯙鰻、及沙丁魚等，相關致病毒素判斷可能為雪卡毒（ciguatoxin）及菟葵毒（palytoxin）。另一方面，本報告亦提出了台灣海洋生物毒之監測與風險預警規劃，建議分別針對含有各類毒素之不同水產品進行採樣與管理。監測項目可區分為毒素及物種檢測，其中毒素之檢測可應用老鼠生物毒性測試（mouse bioassay）、HPLC、GC-MS、LC-MS/MS來進行調查分析。風險預警系統之部分則主要針對與PSP蓄積相關之有毒藻類及螺貝類訂定標準，當養殖池水中渦鞭毛藻之數量大於500 cells/L即需發布預警。有關海洋生物毒之監測標準、管控計畫及預警模式均需儘快建立。
並列摘要
Tetrodotoxin (TTX), paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) and ciguateric toxins (CTXs) are the most important marine toxins causing seafood poisoning for humans. In this report, the poisoning cases and the causative species of marine toxins in Taiwan in recent year were reviewed. TTX poisoning cases in Taiwan were usually caused by puffer processed products such as dried dressed puffer fillet and puffer roe, followed by toxic puffer, gastropod and goby. PSP poisoning cases in Taiwan were usually caused by gastropod and shellfish contaminated from dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum, and the main toxins were identified as saxitoxin, neo saxitoxin and gonyautoxin^1-4. For CTXs poisoning cases, the causative species in Taiwan included snapper, moray eel and sardine, and the suspected toxins were implicated as ciguatoxin and palytoxin. Accordingly, the system of monitoring and risk warning for marine toxins in Taiwan was formulated. The sampling and management measures are suggested for fishery products suspected with each toxin. The monitoring objectives are toxins and species inspections, and the analytic techniques including mouse bioassay, HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS can be employed for toxins investigation. Furthermore, the risk warning system should focus on toxic algae, shellfish and gastropod, which implicate PSP toxins. An alarm can be declared when the number of dinoflagellates is higher than 500 cells/L in the fish farm. The monitoring standards, control program and warning model of marine toxins should be established as soon as possible.
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