台南十字街空間結構與其在日據初期的轉化

The Crisscross Characteristics of Urban Structure in Tainan and Its Transformation at the Beginning of the Colonial Period

黃蘭翔(Lan-Shiang Huang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 19期 (1995/06) Pp. 31-59

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199506.0002

摘要

本論文前半部分析從康熙33(1694)年到嘉慶12(1807)年之台南地方志，使清朝的台南十字街空間結構得到了全新的理解，也就是以往一直被提及的由「十字型」所劃分的東安坊、西定坊、寧南坊、鎮北坊之「十字型」空間結構，並不存在。這也就是說，台南具有很強烈的自然成長的性格，東安坊、西定坊、寧南坊、鎮北坊的稱呼是在城牆未興建之前就存在了。那時的人們將人口聚居區域之東方稱為東安坊、西方稱為西定坊、南方稱為寧南坊、北方稱為鎮北坊，後來興築的城牆並不按一般中國的東西南北，水平垂直的方式區分修正之，只將原先夾著東西、南北大街之兩傍之區塊個別稱為東安坊、西定坊、寧南坊、鎮北坊，而成為從「十字街」的中心點連向小東門、小西門、小南門、小北門的傾斜十字彎曲小道路來區分台南市街地的方式。
本文之後半部討論日據期間清代所留下來的都市空間結構所發生變化之過程，得到下面的結論：起初，為了陸軍的補給，建設了輕便鐵道和台南車站，根據這些輕便鐵道的相關設施，改建成縱貫鐵道。台南車站到台南外港之安平之間興建了輕便鐵道與新的道路聯絡之，並且拓寬了包括西城牆遺跡的幾條清代原有之道路。明治40(1907)年由鈴充玉總督銅像的豎立，而使得銅像之所在地的三界壇成為都市之中心。明治44以後，經由具體的道路建設、市廳舍之新建築使台南的街道模型逐漸成形。最後根據市區改正過程探討之結果，條正了過去研究所主賬的，日據初期日本殖民地官僚已掌握巴洛克衛道模型，以及無批判地認為日據時期所進行之事業建設直接視為近代化遺產的價值觀。

關鍵字

坊里制 ； 城牆 ； 都市史 ； 殖民地都市 ； 市區改正

並列摘要

This paper could be divided two parts. First, analysis the zoning of ”FANG” in Tainan during Ching dynasty. Second, research the transformation of urban structure of the same city at the beginning of colonization period. The following results were obtained.
Although, it is popularly known that Tainan had a cross shaped urban structure, it's process of development is not yet known. And, Tainan was divided into four Fangs; east, west, south and north, by two snaky streets laid to cross each other which connected subordinate gates of fortification. The specific characteristics of Tainan was the location of snaky streets, connected south-east, north-east and south-west, north-west gates, but not east, west, south, north main gates. Further it came to light that city had multilayered checker bord pattern street.
The second half of this paper elucidates the replanning process of Tainan city at the beginning of colonization period of Japan. A light railway system and Tainan station were built for the army’s supply first. For joining Tainan station and An Pyng port, outport of Tainan, two roads were improved. A statue of Komada, the Governor-General of Taiwan, at the center of one of the road was erected and, the core of Tainan was molded. This research result was obtained by this paper.

並列關鍵字

FANGLI system ； fortification ； urban history ； colonial city ； street improvement