“外傭政策”與女人之戰：女性主義策略再思考

The State Policy that Divides Women: Rethinking Feminist Critiques to 'The Foreign Maid Policy' in Taiwan

林津如(Chin-Ju Lin)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 39期 (2000/09) Pp. 93-151

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200009.0003

摘要

本文檢視「外傭政策」的設計並探討台籍與外籍女性家務工作者在此政策下之工作經驗與抗爭手段，以期詮釋國家政策如何在有酬家務工作此議題上與性別、族群、階級不平等交織作用；並進而分析此政策如何造成不同階級與族群女性之利益衝突，以重新思考女性主義者對於家務工作的論述策略。本研究發現「外傭政策」剝削了在台灣處於階級或族群弱勢之女性，使之在勞動市場上形成競爭關係，而中高收入家庭則得利於此，並在僱傭關係中再度弦化了不同階級女性之衝突。台灣女性主義者若欲持續雅動家務照護工作社會化之訴求，則須顧及在非正式部門工作女性之需求，為提升有酬家務工作者之薪資與自主性而努力，方可免於重蹈「外傭政策」之覆轍，再次壓迫處於階級及族群弱勢之女性，造成女性在家務工作此一議題上之意見衝突。

關鍵字

女性 ； 家務工作 ； 家務工作者 ； 外籍女傭 ； 台灣幫傭 ； 族群 ； 階級 ； 外傭政策

並列摘要

This paper investigates foreign and native domestic workers' experiences and resistance under the 'Foreign Maid Policy' in the 1990s Taiwan. It also explores how the state policy of 'the foreign maid', intersected by gender, class and ethnicity, serves to divide the women's common interest of the socialization of domestic work. The finding suggests that the 'Foreign Maid Policy' exploits and impoverishes the unprivileged foreign and native domestic workers in legal and economic terms to unburden wealthier women by keeping the costs of domestic service low, which thus further reinforces the class distinctions between women. The state power is discursively practiced through ethnic and class inequalities to divide women's collective interests. To transcend these divisions among women, Taiwanese feminists should take account of the interests of the unprivileged women. Only by challenging the low-paid and privatized nature of domestic work, and promoting the autonomy of domestic workers could Taiwanese feminists continue to foster the socialization of domestic work successfully.

並列關鍵字

gender ； domestic work ； domestic workers ； foreign domestic workers ； native domestic workers ； ethnicity ； class ； foreign maid policy

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