初論台灣泌尿科的男性身體觀

A Preliminary Study on Taiwan Urologists' Images of Masculine Bodies

成令方(Ling-Fang Cheng) ； 傅大爲(Dai-Wei Fu)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 53期 (2004/03) Pp. 145-204

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200403.0005

摘要

對於台灣男性的身體、身體意識、身體觀等，有很多的社會力量在角逐其發言權的位置。在這些社會力量中，一個積極而有充分自我意識的群體、同時也在經營與掌握「知識與醫學」的宣稱，就是台灣的泌尿科醫界及其醫生們了。特別是近十多年來，台灣的泌尿科醫師們，風塵僕僕的在各種社會領域中（醫院病房、醫學研究、報章、電視、八卦、笑話、大眾演講等等），不斷的努力經營，如今可說是成績斐然。本文以泌尿科主流的異性戀論述為討論範圍，企圖藉著三類資料，交錯探討與評論泌尿科醫師的「男性身體觀」：（一）「威而剛」的知識現象與社會回響，I.I.E.F．的研究呈現的特色是「女性缺席」和「男性獨自面對生理反應」。（二）泌尿科醫師口述訪談得出四個討論子題：(1)男性的性焦慮。(2)早洩、生物演化與女性主義論述。(3)病史、性別政治與老男人的身體。(4)泌尿專業的科技化，（三）從五、六○年代至二十世紀末，大眾醫療論述中泌尿科醫師的男性身體觀。這是一個初步的討論，我們所使用的討論觀點，大致上是從女性主義「醫療與性／別」、傳科「知識／權力／規訓」等觀點發展而來。文章的最後我們從三個方向提出理論的思考：(1)醫療化與陽具中心主義(2)雙人性身體(3)「陽具勃起」科技的政略。我們提出需要把一切以「正常／病理」來看性身體的醫療觀點，減低到最少的地步。我們認為在異性戀關係中，性的身體需要雙人（而非“單獨個人的”）的獨特性風格。性身體的風格，最好都是一種雙人的品味與偏好，而不具有醫療上正常或病理的性質。我們對「威而剛」則有另類的看法，認為若放在「去醫療化」的另類視野中，它可以是一種特殊的「維他命」，成為高齡者、同性或異性戀者，發展多元「性風格」選擇中的一種。

關鍵字

性 ； 性別 ； 威而剛 ； 醫療化 ； 泌尿醫學 ； 身體 ； 男性氣慨

並列摘要

There are many social forces contesting for expressing voices on masculine bodies, male body awareness and male body images. Amongst them, urology and its physicians are the ones actively and consciously managing and dominating the claims for the knowledge and medicine of masculine bodies. Especially in the past decades, many urologists apart from attending clinics and doing medical researches have been busy with public activities, such as appeared on TV, writing for newspapers and popular books and giving speeches, their achievement have been remarkable. The study is focused on the heterosexual discourses promoted by urologists from three resources: (A) The urologist study of Viagra and its critiques. The study based on I.I.E.F. questionnaires contains two distinct features, 'absence of women' and 'men deal with their own physiological reaction'. (B) The views on physicianpatients interaction based on interviews of four urologists. Four aspects are discussed: (1) the sexual anxiety men suffered. (2) premature ejaculation, biological evolution and feminist discourses. (3) history of illness, sexual politics and elderly male bodies. (4) the technoscien-zation in the profession of urology. (C) The popular writings by urologists from the 1950s to 1990s. This preliminary study is analyzed from the perspectives of feminist critiques on medicine and Foucaultian knowledge/power/discipline. In the conclusion, we propose three theoretical aspects for further studies: (1) Medicalisation and phallocentrism (2) Sexual bodies in partnership. (3) The politics of phallo-technology. We propose that medicalisation which divided bodies into 'normal/abnormal' should be reduced to minimum level. Sexual bodies in heterosexual relations should be viewed in the context of partnership rather than in soleship. The style of sexual bodies should be treated as a preference rather than medicalised normality/abnormality. If we see Viagra in the context of demedicalisation, it could become a special kind of vitamin which can be used for developing alternative 'sexual style' by elderly, homosexual and heterosexual users.

並列關鍵字

sex ； gender ； Viagra ； medicalization ； urology ； body ； masculinity

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