社福資源分配的戶籍邏輯與國境管理的限制：由大陸配偶的入出境管控機制談起

Household Registration, Social-Welfare Resources, and Border Control: A Case Study of Regulating Mainland Spouses in Taiwan

趙彥寧(Antonia Chao)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 59期 (2005/09) Pp. 43-90

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200509.0002

摘要

以內政部警政署入出境管理局為業務代表的台灣國境管理機構，歷來對大陸配偶多採施恩復以種族歧視的態度。在這些機構裡，大陸配偶被理解為利用婚姻的途徑入境，以竭力掠奪台灣的社會資源，且因其傳承母國社會與文化心卑劣性，勢必單線性地惡質化台灣的社會條件。社會福利的分配邏輯隱然成為此類種族歧視的支撐基礎。這篇論文藉由大陸配偶的個案，以試圖探究現代社會中國境管理、資本主義社福體系與種族歧視間的互相建構關係。透過分析法現以及對各層級國境管理者的訪談資料，此文指出戶籍登記制度是理解這個問題的關鍵。戒嚴時期實行的戶警合一制度強化了威權國家管控人民的合法性，在後解嚴時期戶警分離的狀況下，戶籍制度日漸成為社福資源分配的基礎，而諸如戶口查察等廣被認為侵犯去民權力的制度，卻仍施行於大陸人士以及特別是大陸配偶身上。本文最後指出以戶籍制度為基礎的社福分配機制往往強化了本國既存的階級分化，而在全球化的時刻，藉由戶籍以控制外來移民的手段也難以成效。

關鍵字

國境管理 ； 大陸配偶 ； 種族歧視 ； 社福資源 ； 戶籍制度

並列摘要

Taiwan's border-control mechanism, as represented by the Council of Immigration, has been particularly discriminating against Mainland Spouses in a patronizing fashion. These people have been normally understood as heartless usurpers of Taiwan's social-welfare resources through the seemingly legal means of transnational marriage. In addition, they are conceptualized by the mechanism of border control to be innate with features of socio-cultural inferiority naturally produced by China, a country thought to be both economically and culturally behind Taiwan. Through the case study of Mainland Spouses, this paper attempts to analyze the relationship between border control, capitalist social-welfare system, and racism against immigrants from China. Based on analysis of legal codes and in-depth interviews of agents of border control, it points out the crucial significance of the system of household-registration-a system that reinforced the legitimacy of the State during the Martial-Law era before the year of 1987, and the one that has been deepening class divisions as the primal basis of distributing social-welfare resources thereafter.

並列關鍵字

Border Control ； Mainland Spouses ； Racism ； Social-Welfare Resources ； Housebold Registration

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