搜尋台灣民粹式民主的群眾基礎

The Mass Bases of Populist Democracy in Taiwan

張佑宗(Yu-Tzung Chang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 75期 (2009/09) Pp. 85-113

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200909.0003

摘要

民粹主義是一個模糊且多面向的概念，本文主要討論其中一種形式，亦即「民粹式民主」的基本特質，並使用量化的研究方法加以測量與分析。透過「亞洲民主動態調查」計畫的資料，本文發現台灣社會將近有六成以上的群眾具有民粹式民主的傾向，只有不到二成的人具有自由民主取向。進一步分析後發現，解釋台灣民眾為何具有民粹式民主，或自由民主、開明專制與傳統威權等不同的政治取向，最重要的是教育程度的高低。教育程度越高，就有越高比例的人具有自由民主取向；教育程度越低，就有越高比例的人具有民粹式民主、開明專制與傳統威權取向。過去許多學者擔憂台灣民粹式民主將與統獨議題結合，會對台灣民主的深化造成阻礙。然而，資料分析結果顯示，其實兩者並無顯著的相關。因此，經驗事實與學者的感受，實際存有一段差距。

關鍵字

民粹主義 ； 民粹式民主 ； 垂直課責 ； 水平課責 ； 民主鞏固

並列摘要

Populism is an ambiguous and multi-faceted concept. The purpose of this paper is to extract the essence of populism. Mainly, it focus on the characteristics of populist democracy and aim at developing a quantitative index. Based on the data from Asian Barometer survey shows that over 60% of Taiwanese is oriented toward populism democracy and only 20% of them is oriented toward liberal democracy. Further analysis shows that the key determinant of political orientation is neither partisanship nor national identity. Rather, the decisive factor is education attainment. Orientation toward liberal democratic values increases with educational attainment. On the other hand, populist democracy correlates with low educational attainment. In recent years, many scholars argue that the development of populism and the conflict of identity threaten the advancement of democracy in Taiwan. According to this empirical research, there exists a gap between the reality and the perception of these scholars.

並列關鍵字

populism ； populist democracy ； vertical accountability ； horizontal accountability ； democratic consolidation

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