女性作為政治行動者台灣女性參政圖像的反思

Women as Political Actors Reflections on the Image of Women in Politics in Taiwan

姜貞吟(Chen-Yin Chiang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 76期 (2009/12) Pp. 277-316

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200912.0006

摘要

「女性參政」被多位性別研究者視為是觀察整個社會性別結構的起點，且認為制度性政治內的女性參政比例逐漸提高的量變情勢是質變的重要契機。過往研究經常以「依夫型」、「政治受難家屬」來定位上個世代的女性參政，並以高教育程度、專業技能、形象清新來對比詮釋年輕世代的女性參政。這些研究論述結果有兩個「看不見」，首先，過於強調政治受難家屬與依夫的象徵符號，看不見國民黨與其他小黨女性參政的意義，再者，也看不見女性參與政治過程的主體能動性。本研究主要係以第二屆到第六屆女性立法委員為分析對象，目的在呈現台灣女性參政的完整圖像與其主體能動性的展現。研究發現如下：從婚姻關係的共生生態，提出直線式前後繼承、交替形式與併同形式的參與政治模式，驗證許多女性的參選行為乃屬夫妻併同形式。她們藉婚姻關係累積政治資本，與先生同時期參選，具有明顯地行動者意涵，不應以代夫出征或依夫來矮化其主體性。女性以不同形式參與政治，一具具女性身體在場出席的實存意涵，即是性別在公私領域之間的具體的跨界與流動。

關鍵字

女性 ； 性別 ； 政治參與 ； 政治受難 ； 能動性 ； 立委選舉

並列摘要

Political participation of women is a starting point in the study of social structure of gender for many researchers. They think that increasing rate of political participation of women signifies the improvement of women's political status. In the past, some researches often have attributed the political participation of women, who belong to the previous generation, to their family background, such as ”depending on husband's political resource” or ”coming from the family of political victim”. Moreover, the researches emphasize their characteristics of educational level, professional knowledge and ”perfect image” to contrast the female politicians of younger generation. The results of these studies suggest two kinds of ”invisibility”. First of all, overemphasizing the political symbol of victim families ignores the significance of women's political participation from the KMT and the other small parties, and moreover, it disregards the agency of women in the process of political participation. The study object of this paper is female legislators of the second to sixth elections. This paper attempts to analyze the social bases of their political status. I argue that some female politicians and their husbands run the election campaigns at the same time; they form a special type of couple-collaboration. Those women accumulate political capital through their marriage; thus, they are in position of subject rather than depending on their husbands. The different types of women's political participation shows that their physical presence has the existential meaning; namely, gender's fluidity and cross-border will exist between public and private spheres.

並列關鍵字

women ； gender ； political participation ； political victim ； agency ； legislative election

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