雇主對精神障礙者就業之看法與聘用意願：現況、問題與政策因應

Attitudes of Employers toward People with Mental Illness: Conditions and Problems with the Employment Policy for the Disabled in Taiwan

張鳳航(Feng-Hang Chang) ； 張珏(Chueh Chang) ； 鄭雅文(Ya-Wen Cheng)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 30卷1期 (2011/02) Pp. 5-18

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2011-30-01-02

摘要

目標：本研究旨在了解雇主對於精神障礙者就業的看法與聘用意願，並探討相關政策和服務之現況與問題，以做為政策因應建議之參考。方法：研究以立意取樣，深度訪談13位一般性企業或機構的雇主（7位目前有僱用精障者，3位曾雇用過精障者，3位未僱用精障者）。訪談內容皆騰為逐字稿，進行登錄、分類與分析。結果：儘管13位雇主都認同精神障礙者之工作權，但多數雇主仍因對精障者的症狀和工作能力感到疑懼而缺乏聘僱意願，或因精障者的症狀和表現限制其工作類型。在就業相關政策部份，我們也發現：1)雇主普遍不清楚相關就業政策及法規；2)政府罰鍰及獎勵補助金對於提升精神障礙者之就業效果有限；3)雇主對精神疾病缺乏正確知識；及4)就業服務員的素質不一。結論：就訪談結果，我們除提出對政府建議的雛議外，也建議未來量性調查雇主意願及影響因素。雛議包括應加強就業服務人力、提升服務內涵、調整經濟誘因、相關就業政策與法令宣導，並加強去除烙印的社會教育。

關鍵字

精神障礙者 ； 雇主 ； 就業政策

並列摘要

Objectives: The aims of this study were to explore employers' perceptions of people with mental illness, and to understand their attitudes and concerns about the employment policy for the disabled in Taiwan. Methods: In-depth interviews with 13 employers (including 7 employers who hired people with mental illness, and 6 who did not) were conducted. Responses were audio taped, transcribed, and coded. All the data were synthesized and interpreted. Results: Despite the fact that all employers agreed that people with mental illness had the same right to work as did normal people, over half were not willing to hire them because of concerns about their symptoms and work competencies. With regard to the employment policy, we found: 1) most employers were not aware of the employment policy; 2) the economic incentives seemed weak to employers; 3) most employers had insufficient knowledge about mental illness; 4) the quality of job coaches and employment support services was low. Conclusions: In order to increase employers' willingness to hire people with mental illness, the government should strengthen the support system for both employers and employees. Efforts should also be made to improve the quality of employment support services, adjust the economic incentives, increase awareness of the employment policy, and enhance knowledge and acceptance with regard to mental illness.

並列關鍵字

mental illness ； employment ； policy intervention

參考文獻

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