以系統性文獻回顧探討台灣居家老年人跌倒之相關或危險因素

Risk Factors Related to Falling among the Home-Dwelling Elderly in Taiwan: A Systematic Review

陳美芳(Mei-Fang Chen) ； 林家綾(Chia-Lin Lin) ； 蔡宗廷(Chung-Ting Tsai) ； 朱素鳳(Su-Feng Chu) ； 洪淑玲(Shu-Ling Hung) ； 顏碧汝(Bi-Ju Yen) ； 黃國儀(Kuo-Yi Huang) ； 蔡錦墩(Jin-Duen Tsai)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 32卷5期 (2013/10) Pp. 403-423

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2013-32-05-01

摘要

本文目的是採系統性文獻回顧法，統整國內居家老年人跌倒之相關或危險因素。搜尋台灣期刊論文索引系統等七個中英文資料庫。經收案與排除條件審核後，共30篇文章符合篩選標準。結果發現有一半以上的研究指出居家老年人跌倒之相關或危險因素有（1）生物因素，包括自評健康差、跌倒危險因子數目多、疾病症狀多、疾病數目多、身體功能惡化、大小便失禁、步態不穩、活動功能差或平衡愈差、日常生活活動或工具性日常生活功能不佳、腰圍愈粗、血中白蛋白愈低、憂鬱、愈害怕跌倒、有跌倒史等。（2）行為因素，包括跌倒預防知識、行為與服用多種藥物等。（3）環境因素，包括支持性環境愈低、臥室、浴室、樓梯安全性差、雜物堆積、昏暗的燈光等。然而，只有少部分的研究發現社經因素，包括婚姻狀況、教育程度與獨居等，與跌倒相關。此結果可做為防範社區老人跌倒之參考。

關鍵字

系統性文獻回顧 ； 老人 ； 跌倒

並列摘要

The purpose of this article was to review the risk factors related to falling among the home-dwelling elderly in Taiwan. The literature search included seven medical databases in either Chinese or English, including the Periopath index to Taiwan's periodic literature. Thirty studies that met the inclusion criteria for this study were reviewed. The results showed the risk factors related to falling included: (1) Biological factors: poor self-reported health, multiple signs and symptoms of disease, a number of diseases, poor physical function, unstable of gait, poor balance, stool or urinary incontinence, dysfunction in ADLs or IADLs, higher waistline, lower albumin, depression, fear of falling, and a history of falling. (2) Behavioral factors: lack of knowledge about ways to prevent falling and taking multiple medications. (3) Environmental factors: poor supportive environment, poor location of bedrooms and the safety of bedroom bathrooms and stairs, accumulation of debris, smooth ground, and dim lighting. Only a few studies found that social and economic factors, including marital status, level of education, and living alone were significantly associated with falling. The results may serve a reference for preventing falling among the home-dwelling elderly.

並列關鍵字

systematic review ； elderly ； fall