戰後臺灣的國土規劃政策,深受其政經體制的特質及相關行為者之間的關係與行動影響。戰後臺灣的政經體制,從威權體制、威權轉型,到民主鞏固階段,將其國土規劃政策分成以都市計畫、區域計畫及國土規劃為不同特色的三個階段;其中,威權體制時期的都市計畫、區域計畫階段,嚴格而言,根本不能算是國土規劃政策,但在威權轉型和民主鞏固時期,該政策卻逐漸轉向國土規劃,而且慢慢發展成真正的國土規劃政策。在此其中,每個時期內與土地利用或土地利益相關的行為者,包括主管機關的政府,或土地所有人、相關團體或民意機關,都利用相關政策、組織和制度的形成與變動,進行偏差動員,而促成國土管理體制的形成與變遷。本文的主旨,即利用偏差與偏差動員的概念,分析戰後臺灣的國土規劃政策,在其政經體制三個不同時期的發展與變遷。
Taiwan's national spatial planning policy has been deeply influenced by its political-economic system and the relationship among key actors since the end of World War II. This article adopts the concepts of "bias" and "bias mobilization" to analyze the policy evolution thereof. Through the stages of authoritarian rule, authoritarian transformation, and democratic consolidation, Taiwan's political-economic system has distinguished this policy area into three phases. Under the authoritarian rule, the urban and regional planning policies, strictly speaking, could hardly be seen as national spatial planning. Nevertheless, the policy gradually transformed into greater maturity in the later stages of authoritarian transformation and democratic consolidation. In the processes, all the related actors, including the government authorities, land owners, and others, have utilized institutional transformations and mobilized biases for their own interests. Such patterns bring about policy changes.