非結構諮商團體過程中領導者技術運用之研究

A Study on the Analysis of Leaders' Techniques in the Process of Unstructured Counseling Groups

吳秀碧(Sophie Woo) ； 許育光(Yu-Kuang Hsu) ； 洪雅鳳(Ya-Feng Hung) ； 羅家玲(Chia-Ling Lo)

《中華心理衛生學刊》 17卷3期 (2004/09) Pp. 23-56

https://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.200409_17(3).0002

摘要

本研究旨在探討非結構團體諮商歷程中，領導者運用的團體諮商技術與類別，以及在各個團體階段上運用技術之變化狀況。研究採取發現式的方法，以三個分別由五位博士層級準諮商師領導之非結構式諮商團體為研究對象，三個團體均進行十次歷程完整的團體心理諮商。以人際歷程回憶的方式，於每次團體聚會後的一週內，收集領導者帶領團體的技術運用資料。本研究使用三個團體第二次到第九次的團體資料作為分析之依據。研究結果與發現如下：（一）在團體領導歷程出現的技術共計49種，依其使用功能將之分為四大類，包括：第一類，基本溝通技術9種；第二類，深化與探索技術11種；第三類，過程催化技術17種；第四類，行動化介入技術12種等。而出現次數最高的前十項為聚焦、探詢、同理、澄清、此時此地、反映、摘要、連結、團體歷程評論、面質。（二）若由各大類別技術使用情形觀之，基本溝通類技術的使用有隨團體歷程進展呈現由多而少的下降趨勢；深化探索類技術的運用在第四次聚會後有極明顯遽然增加的情形；過程催化類技術的使用於第四次之後呈現遽然下降的情形；行動介入類技術在團體歷程僅呈現緩和增加的情形，第二次至第五次使用情形少於第六次至第九次。此研究結果可見領導者技術運用和團體階段發展特徵、領導者任務似有密切關聯。依據上述結果，本研究針對團體領導者訓練、督導，以及未來研究方向提出建議。

關鍵字

諮商技術 ； 團體歷程 ； 領導者 ； 非結構諮商團體

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore group leaders’ techniques used during group counseling sessions. The data of the techniques were collected from 5 doctorate trainees by means of the discovery approach. The “Interpersonal Process Recall” (IPR) was applied to collect leaders’ actions and behaviors in group counseling sessions within one week after each group session . The findings were as the following:
1. There were 4 categories, 49 types of techniques, namely (1) 9 techniques of basic communication; (2) 11 techniques of exploring and influencing; (3) 17 techniques of facilitating group; (4) 12 techniques of action and intervention. The top ten techniques which been used were focusing, probing, empathy, clarify, using of here and now, reflection, summarize, linking, process comment and confrontation.
2. The techniques of basic communication decreased during group process and the techniques of exploring and influencing increased significantly from the fourth session to the last session. The techniques of facilitating group were very frequently used in the early stage of groups, and decreased significantly after the fourth session. While techniques of action and intervention increased slowly that were used less frequently during sessions two to five than during sessions six to nine.
Based on the findings, some suggestions for group works and future research were proposed.

並列關鍵字

techniques ； group process ； leader ； unstructured counseling group

參考文獻

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