社會參與和靈性健康對臺北市社區高齡者幸福感影響之研究

The Impact of Social Participation and Spiritual Health on the Well-being of Elders in Taipei City

石泱(Yang Shih) ； 李孟芬(Meng-Fan Li)

《中華心理衛生學刊》 34卷2期 (2021/06) Pp. 97-120

https://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.202106_34(2).0001

摘要

研究目的：世界衛生組織（WHO）提出活躍老化主要因素包括健康、參與和安全，其中靈性健康是21世紀新興的健康議題，而社會參與是提升老後生活品質的重要因子。本研究中社會參與包括社會活動、宗教活動、人際關係等三個面向的參與程度；靈性健康包括人我關係、生命意義、超越逆境、信仰與宗教寄託、人與自然關係五個面向的認同程度。研究目的主探究社會參與、靈性健康及幸福感的關係及影響因素。研究方法：本研究以臺北市65歲以上社區照顧關懷據點的高齡者為對象，採面對面問卷調查法進行資料收集，共回收405份問卷。研究結果：經階層迴歸分析結果發現，對高齡者幸福感有正向影響依序為靈性健康量表中的人我關係、超越逆境、信仰與宗教寄託面向，及個人基本變項中的家庭生活滿意度、自覺健康狀況、有無工作；而社會參與對社區高齡者幸福感不具有預測效果。研究結論：提高靈性健康、擁有健康身體、維持良好家庭生活、有工作，有助於提升社區高齡者主觀幸福感，而社會參與經控制靈性健康後，對幸福感無顯著影響。未來研究可著重社會參與內涵及深度對高齡者靈性健康的影響，及不同族群高齡者在靈性健康特質差異的探討。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 社會參與 ； 靈性健康 ； 幸福感

並列摘要

Purpose: WHO suggests that the main factors in active aging including health, participation, and safety. Spiritual health is a new agenda in health research in the 21st century. Social participation plays a key role to improve elders' well-being. In the study, social participation includes the dimensions of social activity, religious activity, and interpersonal relationships. Spiritual health encompasses 5 dimensions: human relationships, meaning of life, overcoming adversity, beliefs and religion, and the relationship with nature. The study is to examine relationships among these two major indicators and wellbeing, and their impact on well-being for elders. Methods: A total of 405 Taipei residents over 65 completed our survey. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that 3 spiritual health dimensions affected elders' well-being: interpersonal relationships, overcoming adversity, and beliefs and religion. Personal characteristics such as satisfaction with family relationships, self-reported health status, and having a job also had an impact. No aspect of social participation predicted well-being. Conclusions: Improving spiritual health, maintaining good family relationships, maintaining good health, and having a job all corresponded to the well-being of elders. Future research may focus on the relationship between social participation and spiritual health, and the heterogeneity among groups in spiritual health.

並列關鍵字

elders ； social participation ； spiritual health ； well-being

參考文獻

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