應用跨理論模式探討職場戒菸協助的困難度

職場菸害已導致健康與經濟的嚴重損失，如何有效協助職場員工戒菸，降低職場戒菸率，仍需進一步的努力，本研究透過跨理論模式分析員工吸菸行為，了解協助員工戒菸的困難度，並提出相關實務建議。本研究以中部地區職場共1,872名吸菸員工為調查對象，以跨理論模式量表進行調查，依員工戒菸意圖區分為「無意圖期」、「意圖期」及「準備期」三個改變階段，利用SPSS12.0統計軟體進行統計分析，以敘述性統計、ANOVA及雪費法分析吸菸員工的改變階段與吸菸態度、改變過程的差異性。三期吸菸員工數各為「無意圖期」（n=1,345）、「意圖期」（n=364）及「準備期」（n=163），最不想戒菸的「無意圖期」員工教育程度以高中職者居多、上班時平均吸菸次數最多；決策權衡分析經事後檢定比較發現「無意圖期」與「意圖期」員工作吸菸決定時視利益更為重要；自我效能分析結果為「無意圖期」與「意圖期」員工在三種情境下比「準備期」的員工更想吸菸；三期吸菸員工在改變吸菸行為過程面向具有顯著差異。透過跨理論量表分析可知三期吸菸員工的吸菸狀況與協助需求有顯著不同處，顯示三期吸菸員工的戒菸協助方式須以量身訂作、階段式、多元化、長期追蹤輔導的模式進行，但在經營競爭的壓力下使得協助職場員工戒菸呈現高困難度。佔多數的「無意圖期」員工，建議可先行了解其生活或工作困難與壓力源，再提供後續專業適宜的協助，才能全面顧及吸菸員工真正的需求。在新修訂法規規定加強對勞工健康照護及國內龐大菸害損失的壓力下，期許職場行有餘力時能戮力降低職場吸菸率，亦可避免未來的健康損害與潛在的重大工安災害。

關鍵字

職場；跨理論模式；吸菸行為；戒菸

並列摘要

Smoking has resulted in huge health and economic loss in workplace. Great effort should be made to assist employees for smoking cessation and to reduce the smoking prevalence rate. The aim of our study was to analyze the smoking behavior of workers using the Transtheoretical Model. From the model, the difficulties of smoking cessation in workplace were discussed and the practical strategies were proposed as well.One thousand, eight hundred and seventy-two smokers in the factories in central Taiwan were recruited for this survey. Questionnaires of the Transtheoretical Model were used in this study. According to their intention to smoking cessation, the smokers were divided into three ”stages of change”, which were the precontemplation stage, the contemplation stage and the preparation stage. The Statistics Package for Social Science software (SPSS Statistics 12.0) was used for data management and statistical analysis. The differences in the smoking attitude and the process of change among the three stages of change of the smokers were analyzed by using the ANOVA and the Scheffe's method.The number of the smokers in the three stages was 1,345 (precontemplation stage), 364(contemplation stage) and 163(preparation stage), respectively. The ones who had no intention to quit smoking (precontemplation stage) were with lower educational level and higher smoking frequency during the workdays. The results of decision making analysis showed that the smokers in the precontemplation and the contemplation stage considered more benefits or advantages to adopt smoking. In self-efficacy analysis, smokers in the precontemplation and the contemplation stage also showed higher tendency to smoke in the three situational temptations. And there were significant differences in the process of change of smoking cessation among the three stages of smokers.According to the analyses of the Transtheoretical Model, the needs of smoking cessation of the smokers in three stages differed significantly. It showed that the approaches for smoking cessation should be tailored, hierarchy, multi-channeled and long term followed-up. However, comprehensive approaches may face great difficulties in the workplace with tight operation schedule. As most smokers were in precontemplation stage, it is suggested that the stressors and difficulties of smokers should be consulted first and then offer professionals' assistance on the basis of thoroughly caring the smokers' requests. Under the pressure of the recently revised regulations of workers' health care and the great loss attributed by smoking, more effort should be made to prevent health risks and potential disasters in the workplace.

並列關鍵字

Workplace ； Transtheoretical model ； Smoking behavior ； Smoking cessation

參考文獻

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