施工架水平踏板現況調查與性能測試

由行政院勞工委員會公佈之重大職業災害資料統計指出，營造業職災所佔比例最高，其中又以施工架的墜落災害最為嚴重，因此應當重視營造業施工墜落之防護，除需有必要的安全設施外，還需施工架及其構件的強度及勁度能符合功能需求，才能有效降低施工架相關職災發生的機會。水平踏板為施工架之重要構件，承載施工架上作業人員與放置物料之重量，但目前國內水平踏板型式繁多，且多數強度不符合國家標準之要求，無法有效保障勞工安全。本研究針對水平踏板之安全性能進行探討，以期能提高作業勞工的安全。本研究依據國家標準之基準，以數值模擬方式進行水平踏板力學行為之分析與評估，並設計一套水平踏板測試機具與建立試驗技術，對目前常使用之水平踏板進行強度測試，項目包含垂直撓度、抗彎強度、掛鉤與安裝部之剪斷、防脫落鉤及業界常使用以鐵絲綑綁取代踏板防脫落鉤部分。透過數值模擬分析與實驗結果探討水平踏板強度，提供符合安全標準之水平踏板規格，供事業單位於設計及使用踏板時作為參考。踏板測試機具及技術之建立，能提供製造商於生產水平踏板時進行強度與性能測試，以確認水平踏板之強度及功能需求能符合國家標準，落實源頭管理，降低職業勞工災害意外的發生。

關鍵字

水平踏板；性能測試；設計規格

並列摘要

According to the statistics of the Council of Labor Affairs, the occupational injuries rate of construction is higher than any other industry. Among the injuries, the rate of falling down accident from the scaffolds usually ranks highest. As to prevent the accidents of the scaffolds, the administration have to consider not only the safety equipment of the scaffolds but also the strength and the stiffness of the members. Working deck is an important member of the scaffolds as it has to bear the weight of both the workers and the construction materials. There are many types of working decks in Taiwan, yet most of them are not compliant to the CNS of scaffolds and can not ensure the safety of the workers. This study focused on the research of the safety requirement of the working decks and tried to improve the safety of the scaffolds.This study based mostly on the CNS of scaffold. The simulation was used to assess the mechanism of the working deck. A series of testing equipment and techniques have been developed to test the commonly used working decks including deflection, the bending strength, the strength between the hook and the base, and also the slip resistant of the hook. By the aids of the simulations and test results of the working decks, a safety specification was suggested as a reference for the designers. The manufactures can use the test equipments and techniques to make sure the compliance of the working decks to the CNS. By the quality control from the beginning, the accident rate might be reduced.

並列關鍵字

Working deck ； Performance test ； Design standards

參考文獻

(Council of Labor Affair. Standard of the Safety and Health Equipments. Taiwan: The Institute; 2004.).

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Ministry of the Interior. Republic of China (Taiwan). Rules of construction technology: building design and construction. Taiwan: The Institute; 2011.

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(Chinese National Standard (CNS). Tubular Steel Scaffolds. Taiwan: The Institute; 2008.).

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(Chinese National Standard (CNS). Method of Test for Tubular Steel Scaffolds. Taiwan: The Institute; 2008).

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TOYOTA Woodyou Home: The Scaffold Construction. Japan: The Institute; 2008.(available from: http://www.venus.sannet.ne.jp/oninipu-chan/ashiba.htm )

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施工架水平踏板現況調查與性能測試

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