泰雅族重新「編織」的文化復振與跨區傳承

編織是原住民族口傳之傳統技藝，從殖民時期禁止後衰微，雖隨著原住民族運動帶動其文化復振，但在過程中遭遇主流市場經濟及文化衝擊，特別是鄰近都會區之泰雅族編織文化更面臨傳承之難題。桃園復興區因族群遷徙及地理位置成為泰雅族北部重要的文化交流與通婚之重要節點。本文從泰雅族傳統慣習為底蘊來探討桃園復興區編織工作者技藝傳習、跨區域傳承及文化傳承之認同轉換與協商歷程，運用深度訪談及參與觀察獲知編織經由「家傳慣習」、「親友邀請」、「私下授徒」、「開班授課」等方式傳承。研究呈現編織技藝從族人傳統地域性之家傳社會結構經由跨區域之傳承與交流而形成之空間社會關係，居間之文化協商以及認同的文化共同體重構之地理經驗。在當代原住民族文化復振中，這些社會關係的空間再組織亦豐富了原住民族文化復振之社群認同意涵。

關鍵字

泰雅族編織；跨區傳承；空間社會關係；文化協商；族群認同

並列摘要

The weaving culture of Atayal is the traditional knowledge that was passed on orally; it had been declined after the banning of the Japanese colonial period. Although the weaving cultural was revitalized by the Indigenous Movement, it encountered the impacts of mainstream market economy and culture especially in Atayal tribes nearby the metropolitan area. Fuxing District of Taoyuan City is the important node of the Atayal cultural exchange and intermarriage in the northern due to ethnic migration and geographic location. The researcher adopted the analytical framework of 'gaga(Atayal traditional habits)' to present the process of transformation and negotiation through cross-regional weaving inheritance, and its cultural identity and community formed. The study undertook participant observation with 8 Atayal weavers. The four important inheritance processes were found: 1)family inheritance 2) Relatives and friends invited 3)Private apprenticeship 4)Technical classes. The study presents the spatial social relationship of weaving skills formed by the family inheritance has turned to cross-regional inheritance or technical classes. The cultural negotiation and ethnic identity also re-communalized through these spatial practice. We argue that the experience in spatial reorganization of social relations of cross-regional weaving inheritance can be utilized to enrich the meanings of indigenous cultural revitalization in the contemporary community identity.