一個屋簷下的性別權力關係對國家認同的影響（1996－2008）

Exploring the Influence of Gender Power on National Identity under the Same Roof (1996-2008)

楊婉瑩(Wan-Ying Yang) ； 李冠成(Kuan-Chen Lee)

《選舉研究》 18卷1期 (2011/05) Pp. 95-137

https://doi.org/10.6612/tjes.2011.18.01.95-137

摘要

本文主要討論婚姻中的權力關係對於個人國族認同的影響。相較於既有研究著重於認同的集體變遷，本研究將分析的視角置於個別家戶之中，探討婚姻對個人認同的影響，以及不同的夫妻權力關係在形塑個人政治認同上可能產生的影響。家庭權力關係理論指出，夫與妻相對的社經資源多寡及性別角色差異，會影響夫妻間權力分配的多寡，本文藉由1996年至2008年的橫斷面調查訪問資料，觀察婚姻中的權力關係是否會影響男女的國族認同。研究結果發現，個人的國族認同容易受到配偶省籍的影響，而且女性的認同受到配偶影響的程度大於男性。多項勝算對數模型也顯示，影響男性台灣人／中國人認同與統獨立場的主要因素，是「自己的省籍」、「自己的政黨認同」和「訪問年度」，這些因素也同樣影響女性。不同於男性的是，在女性的部分，在台灣人／中國人族群認同與統獨國家選擇上，「配偶的省籍」有其直接或間接的作用。其中，女性的台灣人／中國人族群認同，受到丈夫省籍的直接影響，而與夫妻之間的社經背景及政治涉入感差異無關。相對地，女性的統獨國家選擇則是受到配偶省籍的間接影響，此種間接影響指的是，當妻子的教育程度越低時，其統獨立場越容易受到丈夫省籍的影響。簡言之，妻向夫的認同傾斜並非普遍或固定的現象，在不同認同層面上，發展出不同的夫妻認同影響模式，且受到不同家戶中夫妻相對權力關係的影響。

關鍵字

國族認同 ； 族群認同 ； 國家選擇 ； 婚姻關係 ； 性別權力

並列摘要

This study examines how the power relationship within households affects individuals' national identity. Comparing with the past studies which address the collective changes of national identity, this study instead focuses on individual households to explore the malleability of individual national identity changed by marriages. Family power studies have shown that the socioeconomic-resource and gender role differences have great impact upon the power distribution among husbands and wives, this study applies the 1996-2008 cross-sectional data to explore the effect of the gender power within households on individuals' national identity. The results of this investigation show that, individuals' national identity is affected by their spouses' ethnic groupings, and women are more likely than men to be affected by their spouses'. The models show that, on the male part, their identity on Taiwanese/Chinese and pro-independence/unification are significantly affected by their own ethnic backgrounds, party identification, and the year of investigation, these factors also affect women's national identities. However, in contrast to men, women's identity on Taiwanese/ Chinese and pro-independence/unification are greatly affected by their spouses' ethnicities. In terms of the Taiwanese/Chinese identity, women are directly affected by their husbands' ethnicities, regardless of their differences in socio-economic status or political engagements. Relatively, in terms of the pro-independence/unification identity, women are indirectly affected by their husbands' ethnic backgrounds caused by the educational gap. As the wives' education level gets lower, their pro-independence/unification stance is more likely to be affected by their husbands' ethnicities. In short, the gender asymmetries of which wives' identity affected by their husbands' ethnicities are not fixed, rather they are distributed differently across households and varied by identity dimensions.

並列關鍵字

national identity ； ethnic identity ； national choice ； marriage ； gender power

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