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微生物降解木片之製漿評估

Pulping Evaluation of Biodegraded Wood Chips

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摘要


本研究評估以微生物降解木質的材料做為製漿法之前處理法,在化學製漿法、機械製漿法、半化學製漿法等製漿法製漿前,先行以微生物降解木片做為各種製漿法之前處理法後,再進行製漿試驗及製漿評估,以為開發或改良製漿法之依據,同時並以酵素處理改善此等紙漿性質。試驗是以對木質素分解力較強之三種白腐菌菌種Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Lentinus edodes及Coriolus versicolor分別接種於闊葉樹材(雲南石梓)木片上,經1-8週之微生物分解後,以不同製漿法製漿後評估製漿性及其所得紙漿性質。試驗結果顯示,各菌種在接種4-8週後對木材之降解,依菌株不同略有差異木質素有8-15%之去除,纖維素亦有類似的結果,但超過6週後則纖維素量有相當大之降解,顯示微生物之前處理以5週以內為適合之處理時間。接種木片進行硫酸鹽法製漿結果,顯示較正常木材有收率之低下,而其所需鹼之用量較正常材高。所得紙漿性質之強度性質與菌種無太大相關,但與處理時間有關。抗張力及破裂指數,撕裂指數等均有低減之現象。機械法磨漿結果,其磨漿動力較對照組可節省20-30%左右,而且其微生物-機械法之紙漿打漿比較常法容易,且可節省打漿動力。中性亞硫酸鹽半化學製漿法製漿,製漿動力較對照組可節省10%左右,較傳統半化學製漿法,可減少藥品用量、且有較佳之收率,(亞硫酸鈉16%,碳酸鈉4%)的用藥量下,卡巴值在105-120左右,收率則在70%左右,所得之紙張強度性質均較對照組為佳。化學製漿法及半化學製漿法製漿所得紙漿,經木糖分解酵素,纖維素分解酵素處理可節省打漿動力,且能改善紙漿之品質,顯示所得紙漿具有較高的抗張強度,纖維表面較為平整,因而有較高的游離度,較短的濾水時間,所抄製得之紙張具有較高的平滑度及強度性質。

並列摘要


This paper evaluates the pulping characteristics of biodegraded chips of a fast-growing hardwood, Gmelina arborea. After wood chips were degraded for periods of I to 8 weeks by using 3 white- rot fungi, namely Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Lentinus edodes, and Coriolus versicolor, the chips were pulped with chemical, mechanical, and semimechanical methods. Chemical analyses of degraded wood chips, characterization of resulting pulps, and determination of energy consumption during refining of mechanical and semimechanical pulping were conducted. Improvements in properties of these resulting pulps by treatment with enzymes were also evaluated. In sulfate pulping of bio-degraded chips, lower yields, higher alkaline requirements, and competitive strength of pulps were seen as compared to nontreatment pulps. In mechanical pulping, lower energy consumption during refining and fewer broken fibers were shown. NSSCP (Neutral Sulfite Semichemical Pulp) pulping not only showed lower energy consumption, but better yields and lower chemical requirements were also observed.

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