Survival of Four Ganoderma Species and Several Wood-inhabiting Fungi in Different Soil Matrix Potentials

四種靈芝和多種木棲性擔子菌在不同土壤濕度之存活

張東柱(Tun-Tschu Chang) ； 吳孟玲(Meing-Ling Wu) ； 傅春旭(Chuen-Hsu Fu) ； 傅昭憲(Chao-Hsien Fu)

《台灣林業科學》 17卷2期 (2002/06) Pp. 143-153

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200206.0143

摘要

本文主要探討四種靈芝（南方靈芝、狹長孢靈芝、靈芝和韋伯靈芝）的菌絲和其生長之段木在不同土壤含水量存活情形。南方靈芝與狹長孢靈芝之菌絲不形成厚膜孢子，但靈芝與韋伯靈芝可以形成厚膜孢子。南方靈芝和狹長孢靈芝的菌絲埋於土壤濕度爲-0.025MPa時，將快速死亡且分別在9和12wk無法檢測其存活，若埋於-0.50MPa之土壤比較高濕度的處理有較高的存活率，然而在任何濕度的處理15wk時，南方靈芝與狹長孢靈芝的菌絲均無法檢測其存活。靈芝與韋伯靈芝的菌絲埋於不同處理之土壤濕度，自0至15wk均快速死亡，然而自15至52wk其存活率則介於35•至50•間。以上結果顯示，當靈芝之菌絲不生長於段木上，其厚膜孢子在土壤中扮演長期存活重要之角色。生長南方靈芝之和狹長孢靈芝段木理於浸水之土壤，分別於1和3月無法檢測其存活，然而在非浸水的其它處理經由兩年之檢測，其存活率介於80•至＞90•間。生長靈芝與韋伯靈芝之段木在不同含水量之處理，經由兩年的存活率檢測，則介於80•至79•間。此結果顯示，無論是否形成厚膜孢子，在土壤中生長靈芝之段木是靈芝存活的重要處所，且段木中之靈芝厚膜孢子能增進其抵抗環境逆壓，如浸水。另外，不形成厚膜孢子之七種木棲性擔子菌，生長於段木後埋入浸水的土壤，經1至5月處理後，無法檢測其存活，但在較低土壤濕度處理-0.50MPa，經由兩年之處理，其存活率介於70•至＞90•間。然而其它可以形成厚膜孢子之木棲性擔子菌，在-0.5MPa和浸水的處理，經由兩年之檢測，其段木之真菌存活率介於70•至＞90•間。此結果與靈芝菌類之存活情形相似。本研究結果顯示，在感染木棲性擔子菌的林地如果給予浸水處理，對不形成厚膜孢子之病原菌有防治效果，但對可以形成厚膜孢子之病原菌則沒有效果。

關鍵字

靈芝 ； 木棲性真菌 ； 存活 ； 病害經營

並列摘要

The survival of Ganoderma australe, G. boninense, G. lucidum and G. weberianum mycelia, and of Ganoderma-colonized wood was measured in soils with different soil matrix potentials. G. australe and G. boninense producd no chlamydospores, while G. lucidum and G. weberianum did. Mycelia of G. australe and G. boninense buried in the -0.025 MPa soil moisture treatment declined rapidly and could not be recovered at 9 and 12 wk, respectively. Mycelia buried in the -0.50 MPa soil moisture treatment had relatively higher recovery rates at the same incubation times compared with those in the higher soil moisture treatments. However, mycelia were not recovered at 15 wk in any treatment. Survival of G. lucidum and G. weberianum mycelia in all soil moisture treatments rapidly declined from 0 to 15 wk after incubation. However, survival of mycelia consistently ranged from 35• to 50• at 15 to 52 wk after incubation. These results indicate that chlamydospores in soil play an important role in the long-term survival of Ganoderma species when mycelia are not harbored in woody debris. G. australe and G. boninense were not recovered from pieces of artificially infested wood subjected to 1 and 3 mo of flooding, respectively. In treatments with the lower soil moisture, the survival of these 2 fungi ranged from 80• to 90• over 2 yr. In all soil moisture treatments, G. lucidum and G. weberianum ranged from 80• to more than 90• over 2 yr. These results indicate that, regardless of chlamydospore formation, woody debris in soils harboring Ganoderma species plays an important role in the long-term survival of the fungi, and chlamydospores of Ganoderma in woody debris enhance the resistance of the fungi to environmental stress such as flooding. Seven species of other wood-inhabiting fungi which do not produce chlamydospores were not recovered from pieces of artificially infested wood subjected to 1 or 5 mo of flooding. In a treatment with a lower soil moisture (-0.50 MPa), the survival of these 7 fungi ranged from 70• to more than 90• over 2 yr. However, the survival of others that produced chlamydospores ranged from 70• to more than 90• in soils with -0.50 MPa and flooding. These results are similar to those for Ganoderma species and indicate that chlamydospores of wood-inhabiting fungi and woody debris play an important role in their long-term survival and in their resistance to environmental stresses such as flooding. Flooding infested fields may help control wood-inhabiting fungi which do not produce chlamydospores, but may have little effect on those which produce chlamydospores in the field.

並列關鍵字

Ganoderma ； wood-inhabiting fungi ； survival ； disease management