木材以丙烯酸酯與異氰酸酯化學改良對其硬度與尺寸安定性之影響

Effects of Chemical Modification with Acrylates and Isocyanates on the Hardness and Dimensional Stability of Wood

李鴻麟(Hong-Lin Lee) ； 陳家杰(Chia-Chieh Chen)

《台灣林業科學》 17卷3期 (2002/09) Pp. 361-373

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200209.0361

摘要

德達松試材以三種丙烯酸酯(acrylate)：l,6-六二醇二丙烯酸酯(l,6-hexanediol diacrylate，HDDA)、羥乙基甲丙烯酸酯(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, HEMA)、羥丙基丙烯酸酯(hydroxypropyl acrylate, HPA)，兩種異氰酸酯(isocyanate)：二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, MDI)、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(l,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI)等藥劑以3:l重量比混合處理，再經過總劑量30 kGy之γ-射線照射化學改良後，進行各種處理材之硬度、尺寸安定性質分析。試驗結果顯示：以紅外線光譜分析，木材之組成分與藥劑形成穩定之化學鍵結；處理材可以有效地改善木材的硬度與尺寸安定性，其中，以50%濃度的1,6-六二醇二丙烯酸酯處理木材，具有最優異之尺寸安定性；添加25%濃度的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯或六亞甲基二異氰酸酯於三種丙烯酸酯藥劑中以處理試材，亦均可有效改善木材之硬度與尺寸安定性，其中，又以混入羥乙基甲丙烯酸酯或羥丙基丙烯酸酯者效果為佳；此外，以25%、50%濃度藥劑處理試材，均可使木材之細胞壁與細胞腔保持完整。

關鍵字

丙烯酸酯 ； 異氰酸酯 ； γ-射線 ； 硬度 ； 尺寸安定性

並列摘要

Southern pine (Pinus taeda L. Pinaceae; loblolly pine) was chemically modified with each of 3 acrylates (1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and hydroxypropyl acrylate), or with mixtures of these acrylates and one of the isocyanates (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate) in a ratio of 3:1, and then the treated wood was further irradiated by γ-rays at a 30-kGy dose. Changes in the properties of hardness and dimensional stability of the irradiation-treated woods were analyzed in this research. Infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that chemical bonds were formed between wood components and the reactant chemicals. Hardness and dimensional stability of wood could be effectively improved by treatment with chemicals, and the best dimensional stability of treated wood was obtained by treatment with 50% 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. Addition of isocyanate with acrylate for use as a reactant could also effectively improve the hardness and dimensional stability of wood, and better results were demonstrated when 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate was mixed with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. Moreover, well-shaped cell walls and cell lumens were observed when wood was treated with chemicals at concentrations of 25% and 50%.

並列關鍵字

acrylate ； isocyanate ； γ-ray ； hardness ； dimensional stability