現行居住政策檢視－以推動智能障礙者社區居住與生活為例

Trends and Future Development of Housing Policies in Taiwan: Supporting Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Living in the Community

周月清(Yueh-Ching Chou)

《東吳社會工作學報》 15期 (2006/12) Pp. 155-189

https://doi.org/10.29734/SJSW.200612.0005

摘要

為檢視現行我國住宅措施及與障礙者居住相關政策與執行，及提出推展智障者社區居住與生活相關措施修改建議，以次級資料分析及兩次焦點團體收集資料。研究發現2005年「整體住宅政策」通過前，台灣沒有住宅政策，只有以職業別區分之補貼政策，忽略弱勢者住宅需求。現行障礙者居住措施，稱「住宿養護」、「社區家園」、「團體家庭」，屬障礙福利「養護」補助費項下，法源為身心障礙者保護法「福利機構」，僅屬社政體系，未涉及相關住宅、勞政、衛生及交通的結合。未來發展智障者社區居住與生活是可行，符合家長期待及滿足智障者獨立生活意願；此創新方案面臨難題包括：工作人員流動率高及養成不易、社區不接納、家長不信任、組織間乏共識、跨部門欠整合等。本研究建議修擬法治與制度面，視為方案執行不需申請機構立案、以服務內涵計算成本而非「機構」、補助個人而非法人、補助夜間和白天額度一樣、建築或設施標準法規能以需求差異性區分而非單一規定，並推動實作方案及進行評估研究等。

關鍵字

住宅政策 ； 智能障礙者 ； 社會融合 ； 社區居住與生活

並列摘要

This study aims to examine current Taiwanese housing policies related to residential services for adults with intellectual disabilities, and to recommend future development for supporting these adults to live in the community independently. The research methods include second data analysis and twice focus groups. This study found that before 2005, Taiwan had no housing policy. Currently, housing welfare, subsidies and benefits, are part of the ”Military, Civil Servant, Police and Teacher's Welfare” policy. There has been no such provision for non-government employees including for disadvantaged groups such as people with disabilities. Instead of funding community living alternatives, the Taiwanese government funds only registered facilities as part of its residential policies and services. The residential settings provide a group of packaged services with special purposes such as re-education and custody. The current residential services are imbued with a ”long-term placement” ideology and as a result, housing services have never been demanded from the public housing authorities in Taiwanese society. Innovating community living programs will be feasible for meeting the parents' expectation and these adults' needs. This study recommends the related laws and regulations need to be modified and the settings providing ordinary housing for adults living in the community independently is not necessary to make registration as the ways the institution does. In addition, experimentation and evaluation of community living programs for adults with intellectual disabilities need to be carried out.

並列關鍵字

housing policy ； intellectual disability ； social inclusion ； community living

參考文獻

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Fair Housing Act: Helping Renters, Owners, & Property Managers (USA)