民主化與司法獨立：台灣檢察改革的政治分析

Democratization and Judicial Independence: Political Analysis of the Public Prosecutor Reforms in Taiwan

湯京平(Ching-Ping Tang) ； 黃宏森(Hung-Sen Huang)

《台灣政治學刊》 12卷2期 (2008/12) Pp. 67-113

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.200812.12(2).67-113

摘要

檢察系統在民主化的過程中如何取得免於政治干預的獨立運作空間？近年司法改革的討論很多，但甚少把這個部門的改革放在政治體制變遷的架構之下看待。放眼國際，雖然司法體系面臨的挑戰還包括全球化與專業化等趨勢，但影響新興民主國家司法治能的因素，主要還是來自於政治對於司法的不當干預。甫進入民主體制的執政者，多不會願意自動放棄這個低調但極具威力的工具，以免在日趨激烈的政治競爭中喪失既有的優勢地位，誠為司法獨立的最大阻力。本研究以台灣檢察體系爭取獨立的歷史，檢視司法改革遲滯的因素，並討論其由下而上改革路徑成功的因素。本研究顯示，體制內成員抗拒被操控的自覺，及其揭弊或抗爭行動，固為改革的原動力，且可能引發制度的漸進式改革，但重要的結構因素，如司法次體系間的改革競爭與政黨輪替等因素，則為改革躍進的推力。

關鍵字

檢察一體 ； 民主鞏固 ； 水平課責 ； 揭弊行動 ； 委託代理人理論

並列摘要

While political interference has been the major obstacle in building the judicial capacity in new democracies, how the judicial sector has gained its independence over the course of democratization deserves more scholarly attention. By following the history of independence seeking by public prosecutors in Taiwan, this paper examines the reasons for the lag in judicial reforms and explains how progress can eventually be made. The findings indicate that the whistle-blowing incidents have maintained the impetus of reform, while some structural factors, such as the reform competition among sub-systems and the stepping down of the ruling party, have played a substantial role in promoting judicial independence.

並列關鍵字

unitary system of procurator ； democratic consolidation ； horizontal accountability ； whistle-blowing incident ； principal-agent theory

參考文獻

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