設置族群型代表性行政機關的理論論證

Theoretical Discourse for Establishing an Ethnic-based Representative Agency

孫煒(Way Sun)

《台灣政治學刊》 14卷1期 (2010/06) Pp. 105-158

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.201006.14(1).105-158

摘要

在民主政治中以選舉爲主要機制的代議政體，無法完全追求與反映多元社會之中各種少數、弱勢與非主流團體的利益與價值。另一方面，行政部門內部具有資本性質的行政機關的重要性與管轄範疇，在全球化的影響之下與日俱增，排擠了其他行政機關，特別是以少數、弱勢與非主流團體爲服務對象的社會性行政機關。因此，在代議政體的代表性不足，以及行政部門的制度失衡之雙重侷限下，在當代公共行政研究之中，提出了代表性官僚的概念與理論，並具體地將種族、族群、性別等各部門的代表性，落實在文官體制的人口組成中，來保障少數、弱勢與非主流團體，以實現民主政治的核心價值。進一步而言，在保障少數族群方面，現代政府進一步將代表性官僚予以機構化，設置族群型代表性行政機關，以確保其利益與價值。然而，爲避免文官體制的偏袒作爲以及提升族群型代表性行政機關的正當性，本文進一步分析公民權的發展脈絡，以及文化公民權相關的意識型態背景。之後，本文聚焦在我國族群型代表性行政機關的職能，並由台灣歷史脈絡與政治社會的發展，探討我國族群型代表性行政機關的特色。在結論中，本文由公共行政觀點，提出具有文化能力行政體系的相關政策建議，以保障少數族群的利益與價值，促進族群的和諧關係。

關鍵字

代表性官僚 ； 代表性行政機關 ； 族群 ； 代議政體 ； 文化公民權

並列摘要

In a democracy that features elections as the main mechanism for its representative government, the interests and values of minority, disadvantaged and non-mainstream groups in the pluralistic society can never be fully pursued and reflected. On the other hand, under the increasing influence of globalization, the importance and jurisdiction scope of the agencies which are capitalist in nature inside the executive branch have specifically crowded out other socially functioning agencies which aim to mainly serve minority, disadvantaged and non-mainstream groups. Thus, doubly confined by the representational deficit of representative government and the institutional imbalance of the executive branch, the notion and theory of representative bureaucracy has been brought forth into the contemporary study of public administration. It also facilitates the representation of various branches in terms of race, ethnic groups and gender via the personnel composition of bureaucracy. These efforts are to protect minority, disadvantaged and non-mainstream groups so as to ensure the core values of democracy. Furthermore, in regard to the protection of ethnic groups, a modern government shall further institutionalize representative bureaucracy by establishing representative agencies for respective ethnic groups in order to ensure their respective interests and values. However, to avoid bureaucratic partiality and better justify the representative agencies for ethnic groups, this article further analyzes the development course of citizenship and the related ideological background of cultural citizenship. This article then focuses on the functions of representative agencies for ethnic groups in Taiwan in order to explore the features of the representative agencies for ethnic groups while looking at Taiwan's historic development course and social-political context. In conclusion, this article proposes relevant policy recommendations with a culturally competent public administration in mind for the executive branch in order to protect the interests and values of ethnic groups, and foster harmonious relationships among various ethnic groups.

並列關鍵字

representative bureaucracy ； representative agency ； ethnic group ； representative government ； cultural citizenship

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行政院客家委員會，2010，〈行政院客家委員會99 年度施政計畫〉，http://www.hakka.gov.tw/np.asp?ctNode=2130&mp=2013&ps=1，查閱時間：2010/04/17