國家野生動物保育體制、社經變遷與原住民狩獵：制度互動之太魯閣族實證分析

Governmental Conservation Institutions, Socioeconomic Change and Indigenous Hunting: An Empirical Analysis of Institutional Interplay in a Truku Case

戴興盛(Hsing-Sheng Tai) ； 莊武龍(Wu-Long Jhuang) ； 林祥偉(Shyang-Woei Lin)

《台灣政治學刊》 15卷2期 (2011/12) Pp. 3-66

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.201112.15(2).3-66

摘要

狩獵為我國原住民族與野生動物保育政策中一個非常重要且極具爭議性的議題。本文的主要目的為，研究國家野生動物保育體制與原住民族內部傳統狩獵規範之互動。本文針對某太魯閣族原住民之區域進行實證研究，研究結果顯示，綜合而言，從1970年代至今的長期間，社會經濟變遷因素扮演著主要角色，對原住民族傳統狩獵規範持續施加著相對緩慢、但影響深遠的變遷壓力，而國家野生動物保育體制則在2000年代中期前，僅扮演次要的角色，在此外部制度環境下，原住民獵區制度仍能維持其韌性。然而，在2000年代中期後，因國家保育體制嚴格執法而驅動了原住民獵區制度的加速喪失影響力。長期的整體結果是，野生動物族群量的確已經明顯增加，而原住民的狩獵活動大為降低，原住民內部狩獵規範則逐漸降低其影響力。本文最後討論以上實證結果的規範性意涵，並建議，由於太魯閣族獵區制度在友善的外部制度環境中實具有相當程度之韌性，未來若能結合太魯閣族自治架構，由國家保育體制與太魯閣族內部規範共同治理野生動物，此方案應具備一定程度的現實可行性。

關鍵字

制度 ； 原住民 ； 狩獵 ； 共有資源 ； 保育 ； 太魯閣族

並列摘要

Indigenous hunting and its impact on wildlife represents one of the most critical and controversial issues in Taiwan. This study aims to investigate the interplay between governmental conservation institutions and indigenous hunting norms in an anonymous Truku area. The empirical results show that, over the long term between the 1970s and mid-2000s, socioeconomic change has played a pivotal role, and has exerted a relatively slow but significant influence on indigenous hunting norms, while governmental conservation institutions have played a minor role. In such external institutional settings, Truku hunting territory norms remain robust. However, since the mid-2000s, strict legal enforcement by governmental institutions has resulted in a more rapid decline in indigenous hunting territories. In the long run, wildlife populations have significantly recovered. At the same time, indigenous hunting activities have dramatically declined, and nowadays indigenous hunting norms are increasingly losing their influence. Finally, we discuss the normative implications of the empirical findings. We suggest that, in friendly external institutional settings, Truku hunting territory norms are quite robust. Accordingly, in cooperating with the future framework of Truku self governance, a wildlife co-management proposal governed by both the governmental conservation institutions and Truku hunting norms may become feasible.

並列關鍵字

institution ； indigenous people ； hunting ； common-pool resources ； conservation ； Truku Tribe

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