「選舉機器」政黨轉型路線與黨政關係的建構：中國國民黨的經驗（2000－2012）

Party Transformation Toward "Election Machine" and the Construction of Its Relationship with Government: The Experience of KMT(2000~2012)

陳宏銘(Hong-Ming Chen)

《台灣政治學刊》 17卷2期 (2013/12) Pp. 15-69

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.201312.17(2).15-69

摘要

本文試圖探討中國國民黨在2000年至2012年政黨的轉型與黨政關係的建構情形。本文分析國民黨在這段時期轉型的一項核心議題，即以「選舉機器」為主要目標的轉型企圖和實際的轉型結果，以及與其並存發展的黨政關係模式，特別是關於2008年重新執政後總統是否兼任黨主席之政黨關係的建構問題。從當代政黨的研究議題而言，本研究跨越「政黨組織」以及「政黨與政府」這兩個面向。研究發現，「選舉機器」雖為國民黨領導菁英內的主流意見，但其內涵並不夠具體，因此雖然在2000年之後國民黨確實也某種程度進行組織的改革和精簡，但若從學術界對「選舉機器」的定義來衡量，國民黨的轉型內涵與選舉機器相去甚遠，以此目標來看，至2012年時國民黨仍未實質轉型。儘管國民黨為囊括式政黨，但根本上並未轉型成選舉專業型政黨，仍維持原來濃厚的大眾官僚型政黨性格。半總統制下的執政黨，可能成為一單純的「選舉機器」嗎？從國民黨的經驗來看，並不是如此。最後，在2008年國民黨重新執政後，面對建構黨政關係的挑戰，國民黨黨主席由總統擔任，其結果是強化了總統對政黨的控制。

關鍵字

政黨轉型 ； 選舉機器 ； 國民黨 ； 半總統制

並列摘要

This study tries to explore KMT's transformation and type of its relationships with government from 2000 to 2012. This paper discusses one of the most important issues during this period: the transformation with a major purpose of becoming ”election machine”, and the relationships between party organization and government caused by this transformation, especially about constructing problems of whether president should be the chairman of the ruling party at the same time when KMT held the reins of government again in 2008. From contemporary research issues on political parties, this study deal both with ”political organizations” and ”political parties and the government”.The findings reveal that the transformation of KMT to become ”election machine” is the dominant opinion within the party, however, the contents of it are not specific enough. And, though after 2000 there was a certain degree of organization reform in KMT, but using the academic definition of ”election machine” to measure it, KMT has not put the concept into practice, which explains why KMT was not essentially transformed before 2012. Furthermore, though the KMT is a catch-all party, but it did not fundamentally transformed into a electoral-professional party and still maintains the feature of a mass bureaucratic party. But the ruling party under semi-presidentialism could become a mere ”election machine”? From the experience of the KMT, it is not the case. Finally, after KMT became the ruling party again in 2008, its elites faced with the challenge of building party-government relationship. The President Ma Ying-jeou served as the party chairman which strengthened president's control of political parties.

並列關鍵字

party transformation ； election machine ； KMT ； semipresidentialism

參考文獻

王金壽(2004)。重返風芒縣：國民黨選舉機器的成功與失敗。台灣政治學刊。8，99-146。

陳宏銘(2009)。台灣半總統制下的黨政關係：以民進黨執政時期為焦點。政治科學論叢。41，1-56。

()。

中華日報，2009，〈馬擘劃以黨輔政國家藍圖〉，《中華日報》，7 月 13 日。Zhonghua ribao. 2009. “Ma bohua yi dang fu zheng guojia lantu” [Ma Ying-jeou Designed National Blueprint of Party Assisting the Government]. China Daily (July 13).

王姵雯，2004，〈改造成選舉機器蔡正元提鳳凰計畫〉，《台灣日報》，5 月 22 日。Wang, Pei-wen. 2004. “Gaizao cheng xuanju jiqi Cai, Zheng-yuan ti fenghuang jihua” [Transform to Election Machine: Tsai Zheng-yuan Proposed phoenix plan].Taiwan Daily (May 22).