本研究的目的是透過日語客語對照語言學的方法,描寫『廣東語辭典』(1932年、以下略稱『辭典』)所反映的日治時期台灣北部客家話的音韻及其特徵。透過與苗栗四縣音的比較,發現『辭典』所反映的北部四縣音並非是典型的四縣音,而是參雜有海陸方言特色的一種「四海話」。亦即,弱勢的『辭典』四縣是受到強勢的海陸音影響的「四海話」,其音韻變化關鍵是海陸音的舌葉音。然而,由rh尚未進入其體系,加上唇音+i與唇音+ui的對立、gie/ge與gai/giai的對立並不明顯來看,其變化可以視為在接觸的環境下,音變尚未完成的動態階段。
This research discusses the Hakka's phonological characteristics in northern Taiwan in ”Cantonese Dictionary” (published in 1932, shown ”Dictionary” for short below). We found the Xi-Ien Hakka dialect in ”Dictionary” is not typical through comparison of Miaoli Xi-Ien Hakka dialect. It is one of ”Xi-Hoi dialect” that has the ingredient of Hoi-Liug Hakka dialect. In other words, the Xi-Ien Hakka dialect of ”Dictionary” has strong influence by ”Hoi-Liug Hakka dialect”, the key point of phonological change is post-alveolar. However, [rh] is not into the system, plus the opposition between ”labial+i” and ”labial+ui”, ”gie/ge” and ”gai/giai” is not obvious, we can say the phonological change was in the stage of free variation, equals to a temporary state.
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