全球經濟中之跨界資本－台灣電子工業之生產網絡

Trans-border Capitals in Global Economy: The Production Networks of Electronic Industry in Taiwan

夏鑄九(Chu-Joe Hsia)

《城市與設計學報》 11&12期 (2000/03) Pp. 1-37

https://doi.org/10.30008/CD.200003.0001

摘要

本文以1990年代跨過海峽至中國大陸投資之台灣資本，尤其是電子工業為研究對象，旨在接合全球經濟之生產國際化，由國際化生產網絡瞭解“跨界”投資之模式與趨勢，闡明當前台灣經濟之結構與動力。本文由經濟部投審會之資料分析跨界投資之時間趨勢、地理分佈與產業類別，然後集中討論遙居第一位之電子與電器製造業之生產類型。對比封閉之國民經濟觀點，作者指出台商“跨界”投資實為全球經濟中跨界的國際化生產網絡之延伸。國際化生產網絡則是本文論證之核心概念。以此為基礎，本文進一步分析台灣跨界企業隱藏之美國—台灣—中國大陸的複雜關係與互動網絡，即，生產之國際化與國際貿易轉化。前者，矽谷—新竹間互惠之區域發展，是技術與企業的網絡有意義的表現過程。而資訊技術選擇性全球化是台灣電子工業表現之關鍵。後者，亞太貿易已整合為全球經濟之一部分，形成了多層次與多重網絡之結構。而台灣企業之優勢仰賴多重性的、互動的、與有學習能力的生產網絡。因此，在全球化角度下，網絡關係之連結性結構了全球佈局，這就是：美國做為核心，台灣是全球經濟中之製造業節點，中國大陸則是有自主性潛力之大市場。在這個趨勢下，本文結論，若僅就全球經濟之力量言，台灣是全球網絡中的虛擬橋樑，台灣與中國大陸勢必進一步地整合。

關鍵字

區域發展 ； 全球化 ； 全球經濟 ； 電子工業 ； 生產綱絡 ； 國際貿易 ； 技術學習 ； 矽谷 ； 臺灣 ； 中國

並列摘要

The research object of the paper is the trans-border investment of the electronic industries from Taiwan to China in the 1990s. In order to clarify the economic structure and dynamics of Taiwan, the patterns and trends of the trans-boder investment are articulated with the concept of international production networks in the global economy. After examing the overall Taiwanese trans-border investment by its timing, geographical distribution and industry categories, we choose electronic and electronic appliances, the top industry, as the major target of analysis. Contrasted with the notion of national economy, the author points out the trans-border Taiwanese capitals in China indeed the extension of the trans-border production networks in global economy. The international production networks is the core concept underlying the argument. Based on this, the subtle relationships and interactive networks of Silicon Valley-Taiwan-China hidden by the trans-border Taiwanese entrepreneurs are analysed by two integrated lines: the internationalization of production and the transformation of international trade. The former is the reciprocal regional development between Silicon Valley and Hsinchu, a significant process of the technological and business networks. The selective globalization of information technology is the key pattern expressed by electronics industries of Taiwan. The latter is that Asian Pacific trade has been integrated as apart of global economy, which formulated a multi-networked structure of trade pattern. The competitive advantage of Taiwanese business depends on multiple and interactive production networks with strong learning capacities. Thus, from a global perspective, the network relationship helps structure a global mapping, according to which, the U. S. is the core, Taiwan is one of the manufacturing nodes in the global economy as Taiwan, and China is the potential autonomy of a big market. The paper concludes that, as a virtual bridge in global networks, Taiwan will be increasingly integrated with China in the trends of economic dynamics.

並列關鍵字

regional development ； globalization ； global economy ； electronic industry ； production network ； international trade ； technological learning ； Silicon Valley ； Taiwan ； China