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針/闊葉樹紙漿製備纖維狀活性碳與其吸附性能之探討

Investigation of Absorption Performances of Activated Carbon Fibers Prepared from Nabelhdz/Laubolz Pulp

摘要


本研究係使用針/闊葉樹未漂硫酸鹽紙漿作爲試材,以不同炭化條件及兩種物理活化方式(二氧化碳活化法與水蒸氣活化法)製備纖維狀活性碳,並測定其吸附性質,含有碘值及亞甲基藍吸附量等,而原料與製備活性碳之基本性質測定包括含水率、化學組成分、灰分、纖維長寬比、熱重量損失分析(TGA)、收率、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察、BET比表面積、t-plot微孔比表面積、平均孔徑、N2吸脫附曲線以及BJH孔徑分佈等,以探討針/闊葉樹紙漿之纖維於不同細胞形態構造下經炭化與活化製備後,其纖維狀活性碳之孔隙大小分佈及吸附性能。試驗結果顯示,針/闊葉樹未漂硫酸鹽紙漿在經炭化與兩種物理活化後,可製備成中空纖維狀活性碳,且經SEM觀察,紙漿經高溫處理下仍維持爲纖維狀,且保留原來之中空構造與些許壁孔。在收率方面,針葉樹者以二氧化碳活化法所製備纖維狀活性碳之收率在9.37-16.72%,而以水蒸氣活化法者收率爲7.99-14.35%;闊葉樹者以二氧化碳活化法所製備之纖維狀活性碳收率範圍爲4.80-15.44%,而以水蒸氣活化法者之收率為6.29-13.30%。全部試樣之收率在活化溫度750-900℃時,皆隨著溫度愈高而愈低,其中以水蒸氣活化法在活化溫度900℃所製備闊葉樹纖維狀活性碳可得最佳碘值,爲1077.72mg/g,而以二氧化碳活化法同在活化溫度900℃所製備闊葉樹纖維狀活性碳可達最佳之亞甲基藍吸附量,約1104.51mg/g,且兩者之吸附性能皆可優於商業纖維狀活性碳者。此外,針葉樹者所生成微孔比例較闊葉樹者多,爲65.04%,而闊葉樹者之中孔與大孔比例則較針葉樹者多,分別爲71.42%與6.72%。上述結果可知,針/闊葉樹紙漿可製成不同孔隙結構,且爲具吸附性能良好之天然中空纖維狀活性碳。

並列摘要


The aims of this study were to investigate the basic and absorption Performances of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) prepared from nabelhdz/laubolz unbleached kraft pulps. The preparations of ACFs were included different conditions of carbonization and two kinds of physical methods with carbon dioxide (CO2) or steam activation. The basic properties of pulps and ACFs were the moisture content, chemical components, ash, fiber aspect ratio, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), yield, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, specific surface area (BET), t-plot micropore specific surface area, average pore diameter, adsorption/desorption isotherms of N2 and BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Hanlenda) distribution of pore diameter. The absorption performances of ACFs were examined by the tests of iodine number and methylene blue absorption. Besides, from both pulps with different cell microstructure, it was also attempted to evaluate the difference of pore size and distribution of pore diameter of ACFs prepared with various conditions of carbonization and activation. The results obtained that the hollow ACFs could be prepared by carbonization and two physical methods with CO2 or steam activation from both unbleached kraft pulps. SEM observation of ACFs showed that the hollow structures and some of pits from fibers still rested after both pulps were processed with a higher temperature. The yields of nabelhdz ACFs prepared from the method with CO2 activation was 9.37-16.72%, and for the steam activation was 7.99-14.35%; the yield of laubolz ACFs with CO2 activation was 4.80-15.44 %, and about 6.29-13.30 % by the steam activation. It is indicated that a higher carbonization and activated temperature with 750 – 900℃, a lower the yield is. The best result of iodine number for laubolz ACFs was the steam activation at 900℃, its value was about 1077.72 mg/g. For the maximum value of methylene blue absorption, about 1104.51 mg/g, it was the laubolz ACFs by using the CO2 activation at 900℃. It is recognized that the absorption effectiveness of the ACFs at 900℃ is better than that of commercial ACFs. In addition, the percent of micropore, about 65.04 %, from nabelhdz ACFs was higher than that from laubolz ACFs, but the percent of mesopore and macropore of laubolz ACFs were about 71.42 % and 6.72 %, respectively, which was higher than those of nabelhdz ACFs. From above-mentioned results, the study suggests that the different pore structure and a better absorption performance of ACFs could be prepared from the nabelhdz/laubolz unbleached kraft pulps.

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