從認知心理與社會互動談兒童語言發展－從皮亞傑與維高斯基理論談兒童英語學習

Language Development in Childern Based on Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics-Piaget and Vygotsky Theories of Language Development in Children

石素錦(Hsu-Jing Shih) ； 陳瑞慧(Ruei-Huei Chen)

《課程與教學》 2卷3期 (1999/07) Pp. 1-22+141-142

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.199907.0001

摘要

英語是世界共通的語言，是二十一世紀電腦網際網路時代，暨國際社會人文、科技知識交流、情感互動的必要溝通工具。在國小推動英語教學主要目的是利用兒童具備優異音韻學習能力，情意方面學習障礙較低，以提高學習效果。首先，本文是從認知心理學理論，談兒童語言發展和英語學習過程，並以 Piaget的認知發展理論為討論基礎，包括認知結構體、年齡、成熟因素與認知能力、學習與適應過程和環境之互動等，探討這些變數與英語能力建構之關係。其次，也根據 Vygotsky的認知與社會互動觀，探討兒童語言學習之潛力和［可能發展區］。最後，本文以心理語言學為架構，探討大腦記憶、智力與資訊處理過程、認知策略運用等之互動，也檢視認知、學習、語言三種能力是如何在社會文化情境下交互作用，進而影響兒童的英語能力－語音規則、句法結構理解與產生、詞義和語意能力等的建構。

關鍵字

社會文化互動觀 ； 語言與認知交互作用 ； 資訊處理能力 ； 認知學習策略 ； 語句語法之理解與產生

並列摘要

English is an international language. In the 21st century communication on the internet, exchange of information about advanced technology and international interaction among people all rely on English as a tool. The purpose of teaching English in primary schools is to utilize children's excellent ability in picking up sounds, e.g., intonation and pronunciation, and low anxiety. Thus, it can enforce effects of teaching.This study discusses the language development of children, based on the frameworks of cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics. First, it deals with the theory of Piaget including construction of knowledge, cognitive structure, age and the stage of cognitive development. Second, adaptation and interaction between learning and environment are explored. Third, the potentiality of children learning and Vygotsky's viewpoint of interaction of society and culture with learning are discussed. Fourth, working memory, information processing, intelligence, and the employment of cognitive strategies in facilitating learning are explored. Finally, the acquisition of English as first or second language in areas of phonology, phonetics, semantics and syntax are discussed.

並列關鍵字

cognitive development ； social interaction ； interaction between cognition and language ； information processing ； production and comprehension of language