男性性別角色刻板印象之形成與鬆動

The Research on Men's Gender Role Stereotype Shaping and Releasing

朱蘭慧(Lan-Hui Chu)

《應用心理研究》 17期 (2003/03) Pp. 85-119

摘要

要達到「兩性平權」的目的，勢必要邀請男性的加入，一同來檢視目前社會上形塑的性別陷阱，這些性別的陷阱不僅帶給女性莫大的壓迫，同時男性可能也產生相對的傷害。因此，本研究旨在探討男性在其生命的歷程裡，影響其性別角色刻板印象形成之因素為何？又有那些事件造成了男性性別色的鬆動？希望了解男性在鬆動其刻板印象後的想法又是如何？本研究採取生命史研究法，深度訪談了三位男性，分別寫出三位男性的生命史，最後描繪出三人的性別角色刻板印象形成與鬆動之魚骨歷程圖，再加以綜合分析結果。本研究的結果顯示男性性別角色刻板印象形成的背景因素有：1.父母的教養；2.南北部的城鄉差距；3.老師、學校課程；4.同儕互動；5.電視、電影；6.職業關係。男性性別角色刻板印象鬆動之背景因素有：1.電視電影；2.愛情、家務訓練；3.母親大權在握、舅舅的糜爛；4.學校課程、能幹的女老師；5.個人特質。

關鍵字

性別角色 ； 刻板印象 ； 性別角色刻板印象形成 ； 性別角色刻板印象鬆動 ； 男性研究 ； 生命史

並列摘要

To achieve the goal of gender equality, men need to be invited to join in to examine ”the gender traps” formed by the culture. These traps not only greatly oppress but also inflict relative damage on men. The goal of this thesis is to discuss what factors influence the stereotype of gender roles in men's lives, what events release men's gender role, and what they think afterwards. This qualitative research uses the life history method and three men were interviewed. Three life histories are presented individually and with fish bone graphs to sketch the formation and the releasing of their gender role stereotypes. The background factors in the formation of gender roles are: 1. the upbringing of parents; 2. differences between the city and the countryside in the South and the North of Taiwan; 3. teachers and school curriculum; 4. peer interaction; 5. television and movies; and 6. career interaction. The background factors in the relaxation of gender roles for men are: 1. television and movies; 2. romantic love and household affairs; 3. powerful mother and immoral uncle; 4. school courses and competent female teachers; and 5. personal characteristics.

並列關鍵字

gender role ； stereotype ； gender role stereotype shaping ； gender role stereotype releasing ； men's study ； life history

參考文獻

Bigler, R. S.,Liben, L. S.(1990).The role of attitudes and interventions in gender-schematic processing.Child Development.61,1440-1452.

Browne, B. A.(1998).Gender stereotype in advertising on children`s television in the 1990s: A cross-national analysis.Journal of Advertising.27,83-97.

Christian, H.(1994).The making of anti-sexist men.London:Routledge.

Creswell, J. W.(1998).Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five traditions.CA:Sage.

Denzin, N. K.(1989).Interpretive biography.CA:Sage.