養護機構內老年人自主性及其相關因素之探討

Autonomy and Its Related Factors among Older People in Long-term Care Facilities

吳奇璋(Chi-Chang Wu) ； 黃惠滿(Hui-Man Huang) ； 高家常(Chia-Chan Gao) ； 高碧凰(Bih-Hwang Gau)

《長期照護雜誌》 14卷1期 (2010/04) Pp. 27-41

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.201004_14(1).0004

摘要

本研究目的在探討養護機構老年人自主性及其相關因素。採立意取樣方式，選取台南縣市同意受訪的13家養護機構和150位機構老年人為研究對象。研究工具採結構式問卷，包括老年人基本屬性、簡易心智狀況、日常生活活動功能、自覺健康狀況、生命意義及知覺自主性量表。以SPSS/PC(12.0)進行資料分析，研究結果顯示：(1)機構老年人在教育程度方面，以「國小程度以上」比「不識字」者，其知覺自主性較高。(2)機構老年人以女性、教育程度高、目前有配偶、主要經濟來源靠家人提供及入住前與家人同住者，較能感受正向的生命意義。(3)「日常生活活動功能」、「自覺健康狀況」、「生命意義」與機構老年人之「自主性」有顯著正相關。(4)機構老年人「年齡」愈輕、「教育程度」愈高、「日常生活活動功能」愈好、「自覺健康狀況」愈好及「生命意義」感受愈正向者，其知覺自主性愈高；此五變項，對機構老年人自主性具有顯著預測力，共可解釋54.9%總變異量。本研究有助於瞭解機構老年人個人特質、生命意義和自主性之相關性，結果可以供機構經營者、管理者及臨床照顧人員於提供老年人照顧措施時之參考。

關鍵字

自主性 ； 老年人 ； 養護機構 ； 生命意義

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the related factors that the autonomy of older people in long-term care facilities. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 150 older people from thirteen long-term care facilities, that were located in Tainan City and County. The measurement tools included the Demographic Data Sheet, Short Portable Mental Questionnaire, Self-perceived Health Status Scale, Activities of Daily Living Scale, Meaning in Life Sheet, and Perceived Enactment of Autonomy Scale. The collected data was computed by using SPSS/PC 12.0 software package. The results demonstrate: 1. Older people with 'elementary school educational level' had a higher autonomy than people with illiterate had; 2. Older people with 'female', 'higher educational level', 'spouse', 'families providing main economic resource', and 'families lived together in previous living condition' had a more positive feeling in meaning of life; 3. There were positive correlation between 'activities of daily living', 'self-perceived health status', 'meaning in life', and autonomy of the older people; 4. Older people with 'younger', 'higher educational level', 'higher activities of daily living', 'better self-perceived health status', and 'positive feeling in meaning of life' perceived a higher autonomy. These five variables were the major predicting factors to autonomy in older people and accounted for 54.9% of the variance. The results could provide information to understand the relationships among demographic variables, meaning in life, and autonomy for the older people in long-term care facilities. The findings also could be used as a reference in routine practice for manager, administrator, and clinical caregivers in long-term care facilities.

並列關鍵字

autonomy ； older people ； long-term care facilities ； meaning in life