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護理學校學生死亡態度之研究

Students' Attitudes Towards Death in a Senior High School of Nursing

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摘要


本研究的目的在探討護理學校學生的死亡態度及其與個人背景因素、四種死亡觀以及和死亡有關的環境因素的相關情形。研究樣本採方便取樣,計有827名。以死亡態度量表做為蒐集資料的主要工具。結果發現: 一、死亡態度分佈以「中性的死亡接受性」得分最高,「害怕死亡、瀕死」次之, 「逃離導向的死亡接受性」最低。 二、在死亡態度四個向度的分佈上,因以下變項之不同而有顯著差異: 1.害怕死亡、瀕死:較常有自殺念頭、家中談論死亡的情形良好者,較不同意「死後審判說」、「輪迴說」以及較同意「儒家說」等死亡觀點者較不「害怕死亡瀕死」。2.趨近導向的死亡接受性:有宗教信仰者、宗教信仰虔誠度較強烈者、接受有關的死亡教育課程種類較多者、較經常閱讀有關討論死亡的書或文章者、有照顧過患重病或瀕死病人經驗者﹒以及同意「死後生命」、「死後審判」與「儒家說」的死亡觀點者,有較高的「趨近導向的死亡接受性」。 3.逃離導向的死亡接受性:自覺健康狀況較差者、較常有自殺念頭者、家中談論死亡情形較差者等,有較高的「逃離導向的死亡接受性」。 4.中性的死亡接受性常有自殺念頭者、父母親婚姻狀況為離婚分居或喪偶者、家中曾有患重病或瀕死病人經驗者、接觸傳播媒體報導有關死亡的內容較多者,曾接受有關的死亡教育課程較多者、較經常閱讀有關討論死亡的書或文章者,以及 同意「儒家說」的死亡觀點有較高的中性的死亡接受性。 本研究結果可作為護理學校死亡教育、生死教育或生死學課程設計之參考。

並列摘要


This study not only investigates nursing school students' attitudes towards death, but also explores influential factors related to these attitudes. The sample studied consisted of 827 senior high school students of nursing. The major instruments administered were Death Attitude Profile (OAF). Significant findings in this study are summarized as follows: (1) Of the four death attitudes' dimensions, ”neutral acceptance” is prominently chosen by the subjects: the next is ”fear of death and dying” and, the last is ”escape-oriented death acceptance”. (2) The subjects' attitudes towards ”fear of death and dying ”are significantly related to the degree of ”fear of death and dying” is lowered by suicidal thoughts, as well as a frequently experienced family discussion about death. (3) The subjects' attitudes towards ”approach-oriented death acceptance” are significantly related to those who having a curriculum-related to death, frequently reading books about death, experience of caring for other seriously in or the dying、belief in afterlife, belief in judgment after death, and belief in Confucianism that expresses higher ”approach-oriented death acceptance”. (4) In general, individuals of with poor health, suicidal thoughts, as well as little family discussion about death expressed a higher degree of ”escape-oriented death acceptance”. (5) The subjects' attitudes towards ”neutral acceptance are significantly related to those who with suicidal thoughts, poor parents', marriage, experienced the seriously ill or death in the family, having curriculum-related to death. reading books about death. marriage, experienced the seriously ill or the dying in the family, having curriculum related to death, frequently reading books about fmedia's reporting of death, and belief in Confucianism that expresses higher ”neutral acceptance” . Results in this study provide a valuable reference for nurses' death education or life and death education or study of life and death.

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