下肢肌群預先張力策略對游泳抓台出發的影響

本研究的目的在研究下肢肌群預先張力策略的使用對於游泳抓台出發表現的影響。受試者為8位訓練優良的選手（年齡20±2.5歲，身高1.76±0.03公尺，體重71±8.5公斤，泳齡10.3±3.3年），教導使其在出發台初期表現三種下肢肌群出發策略：伸展－收縮循環(stretch-shortening cycle)、沒有預張的純粹收縮(purely concentric with no muscular pre-tension)及有預張的純粹收縮(purely concentric with muscular pre-tension)。研究器材是以二台Peak-Performance高速攝影機(120Hz)和一台Kistler(600Hz)測力板同步的擷取責料。運動學的參數是經由Peak Motus 7.0軟體進行影片的數位化分析求得，地面反作用力則由Kistler Bio Ware得知，最後以單因子重複量數變異數分析進行出發的結果參數考驗(α=.05)。研究結果顯示，下肢肌群有預張的純粹收縮策略明顯比伸展－收縮循環策略有較快的出發台時間及較大的起跳水平速度，但在最大水平地面反作用力、最大垂直地面反作用力、飛行時間、飛行距離、重心起跳垂直速度、重心入水水平速度和重心入水垂直速度上並沒有明顯差異。根據本研究的結果，建議在出發台初期使用肌群預先張力的純粹收縮策略，如此不但可以得到縮短離台時間的益處，同時又不會影響游泳抓台出發的其它表現結果。

關鍵字

生物力學；抓台出發；出發台時間；肌群預先張力muscular pre-tension

並列摘要

This study investigated the effects of the muscular pre-tension of lower extremity on swimming grab start performance. Eight well-trained subjects participated in this study. The data of the subjects showed that: Ages 20±2.5 yr, heights 1.76±0.03 m, body masses 71±8.5 kg, and training years 10.3±3.3 yr (mean ±S.D.). They were instructed to perform three strategies (the stretch-shortening cycle, and purely concentric with and without muscular pretension) of lower extremity during the initial block phase in grab start. Two Peak-Performance high-speed video cameras at 120 Hz and one Kistler force plate (600 Hz) mounted on the starting block were synchronized to collect the data. The analyzed system used in this study were Peak Motus 7.0 and Bio Ware softwares. The differences among three muscular strategies of start were analyzed with repeated one-way ANOVA. The statistic significant level was set at α=.05. The results showed that the block time was significantly shorter and the horizontal velocity of take-off was larger in the muscular pre-tension than in the stretch-shortening cycle strategy. There was no difference in max horizontal ground reaction force, max vertical ground reaction force, flight time, flight distance, vertical takeoff velocity, horizontal entry velocity, and vertical entry velocity among three strategies. Based on the results of the present study, it has been suggested that using the muscular pre-tension strategy during the initial block phase in grab start could gain some benefits of decreasing time.

並列關鍵字

biomechanics ； grab start ； block time ； muscular pre-tension

參考文獻

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