- 期刊
優秀選手競賽情境自我涉入的心理探索：質性研究取徑
Psychological Experiences of Ego Involvement Among Elite Athletes in Competition Settings: A Qualitative Approach
摘要
過去許多成就目標理論的文獻發現，在成就情境中若運動員採取高自我涉入心態比賽，但低知覺能力時，容易產生非適應性的成就行為。但也有研究發現如果個體具有高自我取向且知覺高勝任能力的話，會比那些知覺低勝任能力的學生展現比較好的適應性行為。因此，本研究旨在探討代表國家出去比賽的優秀運動員因為背負國人高度的期望，必須採自我涉入參與比賽時，有什麼樣的心理現象與行為特徵？本研究邀請7位具有世界大學運動會等級以上參賽經驗的優秀運動員進行深入晤談，及8位專家進行焦點團體訪談，以紮根理論方法進行分析。研究結果發現當優秀運動員必須以自我涉入心態進行比賽時，展現出正面行為與負面行為之心理特徵；負面行為的心理現象和行為大都支持過去文獻，如在競爭中比較高焦慮、沒有機會贏時容易放棄、出現低運動家精神和作弊行為；但高自我涉入經驗亦展現出很多心理優勢，如競爭性較強、信心強、奮鬥精神、訓練時堅持不懈、永不放棄贏得機會。本研究結論指出自我涉入心理所具有的正面心理現象與行為特徵非常獨特，許多未開發的心理優勢值得今後研究人員透過質性與量化的途徑進行研究。
並列摘要
Achievement goal theory suggests that in achievement settings, if an athlete adopts ego involvement in sports but perceives low competence exhibited maladaptive behavior. But some research indicated that individuals with high ego orientation and high perceived ability demonstrated adaptive behavior. The purpose of the present study was to explore the unique experiences of those elite athletes who represent their country with high expectations from citizens and must adopt an ＂ego involvement＂ in competition. We sampled 7 elite athletes who had Summer Universiade experience by in-depth interview, and 8 experts for focus-group interviews using grounded theory. The results showed when adopting ego involvement in the competition, elite athletes exhibited both positive and negative behaviors. Negative behaviors supported within prior literature include high anxiety, giving up when winning is impossible, low sportspersonship, and cheating. However, we also found high ego involvement involves psychological strengths such as competitiveness, high confidence, fighting spirit, persistence in training, and resilience. We conclude that ego involvement has a unique feature in positive behaviors. Future research into its strength, by both quantitative and qualitative approaches, would be worthwhile.