中橫公路復建政策變遷之分析：公共選擇的觀點

台灣921地震發生以來已屆十年，審視其相關災後復建政策變遷與其背後影響的主因，將深具參考價值，並可提供爾後相關災後復建政策參考。故此，本研究以公共選擇理論爲理論基礎，並以中橫公路復建政策變遷爲例，探討政府災後復建政策與政策變遷中，主要影響決策的關鍵因素爲何。本研究發現從中橫公路的政策變遷過程中，確實發現台灣在民主化後，政府災後復建決策，如同其他公共政策一樣，無法自外於當地利益團體與外部政治力的影響，進而可能發生如公共選擇理論所論述的政府失靈現象。因此，災害復建制度之設計，應避免當地利益團體過度影響，並確保政府能以客觀及中立的立場去面對復建所需的議題，以符合長期當地環境與多數人的權益。

關鍵字

災害；災後復建；中橫公路；公共選擇理論；政府失靈

並列摘要

The 921 earthquake had been through 10 years already. Now, it is a good chance to review these post-921 recovery policies whether they did achieve the goals that these policies were designed. The analysis from reviewing these policies would be very valuable for avoiding mistakes once similar disaster happens again. This paper applies public choice theory as the theoretical basis to conduct analyses how government were produced these post-disaster recovery policies by using the case of the Central Cross-Island Highway to observe the real policy-making processes after 921 Earthquake and 72 Flood in Taiwan. Findings shows that in the era of democratization, Taiwan's post-disaster recovery policy as like other public policies, cannot avoid from the influence from interest groups' lobbying, politicians and bureaucrats' preferences, which weighted their interests more than general public. Therefore, the government failure is very likely to happen in post-disaster recovery police. Government should focus on designing the policy-making process, which can be more comprehensively, considers the environment and the majority's interest and therefore reduce the environment risk.