量子力學的波函數與康德的物自體

Quantum Mechanical Wave Function and the Thing-in-itsclf of Kant's

王守益(George S. Wang) ； 王慧琴(Hui-Chin Wang)

《佛學與科學》 1卷1期 (2000/07) Pp. 26-30

https://doi.org/10.30162/BS.200007.0007

摘要

自從1770年康德提出體的存在以來，這物自體的觀念，一直是一個謎。在這２１世紀的開頭時期，我們想進一步知道它究竟是什麼。我們首先舉例出康德物自體的七種特質，然後提出近代物理的量子力學的波函數Ψ，發現波函數Ψ也具有這七種特徵，而且它是可以用數學式子計算求得。我們更在方程式p=∫Ψ*pΨdτ中發現本體性的Ψ、現象界的物理性質P、與對應於P的算子?，都是定義得很清楚的，而且由此方程式相互聯結。簡言之，方程式p=∫Ψ*?Ψdτ明顯地闡釋了一物體的本體（性）與現象（相）的區別與關係。對於複數函數波函數的不可觀測性，我們也做了詳細的論述。　
我們的結論是：在量子力學的範疇裡，已經找到了康德物自體的一種明確而具體的數學形式，即複數函數的波函數。由於物自體是不可測、不可知的量，波函數的複數性質恰好是最適當的。幾百年哲學上的物自體之謎，似乎已經得到解決了。

關鍵字

物自體 ； 本體 ； 本體論 ； 哲學 ； 康德 ； 波函數

並列摘要

The existence of thing-in-itself has been proposed and maintained its obscurity by Immanuel Kant ever since 1770. Listing 7 features of the thing-in-itself of Kant's, we find that the wave function Ψ of Quantum Mechanics of modern physics possesses all those 7 features and that it is explicitly calculable in mathematical form. Furthermore, in Quantum Mechanics the noumenal Ψ , its physical property P, and the corresponding mathematical operator p for the physical property P are distinctly defined and expressly related by an equation. We also give detail explanations why a complex wave function cannot be observed.
Our conclusion is that we propose to have found a concrete and distinct mathematical form for the thing-in-itself in the Quantum Mechanics regime, which may serve as the non-sensible noumenal cause for an appearance of a body. As the thing-in-itself is non-sensible and non-observable, it appears that only mathematical form of thing-in-itself is proper and accessible. The philosophical obscurity or mystery on noumenon of an object existing for hundreds of years appears now resolved.

並列關鍵字

thing-in-itself ； noumenon ； ontology ； philosophy ； Kant ； wave function