A Clinical Analysis of Children with Developmental Delay

發展遲緩兒童之臨床分析

蔡政道(Jeng-Tau Tsai) ； 郭煌宗(Huang-Tsung Kuo) ； 周宜卿(I-Ching Chou) ； 蔡明瑀(Ming-You Tsai) ； 蔡長海(Chang-Hai Tsai)

《Acta Paediatrica Taiwanica》 46卷4期 (2005/08) Pp. 192-195

https://doi.org/10.7097/APT.200508.0192

摘要

本研究的目的是為了分析發展遲緩兒童功能性診斷與危險因子。我們以回溯性分析於41個月期間內因發展或行為問題而至小兒科門診求診的的1192個病人。危險因子及相關疾病在經過臨床評估及系列實驗室檢查後鑑定出來。病人經由臨床心理師進行發展及心理評估而定義其功能分類。這些符合發展遲緩之兒童其功能性診斷分為認知、動作、語言、社會能力、全面性及非特定性發展遲緩。在全部1192個兒童的發展遲緩兒童中，86.7%為認知發展遲緩、58.4%為語言發展遲緩、47.9%為動作發展遲緩。在1192個病人共有831男性，且男女比為2.3比1。這其中僅20.5%可以找到病因，且35.6%可以找到相關疾病。這顯示發展遲緩兒童流行率在男童較高，且以認知發展遲緩為最高；且辨別異質性的發展遲緩病因仍相當困難。

關鍵字

發展遲緩 ； 功能性範疇 ； 病因 ； 危險因子 ； 性別

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to identify the functional domains and etiological risk factors of children with developmental delay (DD). During a 41-month period, a retrospective chart review was carried out on all 1192 patients who visited pediatric clinics for evaluation of developmental delay or behavioral problems. Etiological risk factors or associated disorders were identified after the completion of clinical evaluation and a series of laboratory investigations. Clinical psychologists examined the functional domains of those patients who underwent developmental and psychological assessments. Those children who met the criteria of DD were subdivided into six functional subtypes, including cognitive, motor, language, social adaptation, global and nonspecific developmental delay. A total of 1192 children were diagnosed as DD, 86.7% had cognitive DD, 58.4% had language DD and 47.9% had motor DD. Of 1192 children, 831 were male, and the ratio male to female was 2.3 to 1. Only 20.5% (244) of children had identifiable etiological risk factors and 35.6% (424) had associated disorders. Results showed DD was more prevalent in males, and cognitive delay was the most common subtype. Identifying the etiological risk factors of DD remains difficult because of its heterogeneity.

並列關鍵字

developmental delay ； functional domain ； etiology ； risk factor ； gender