“增強力量”觀點之社會工作實務要素與處遇策略

Social Work Practice Elements and Intervention Strategies of Empowerment Perspective

趙善如(Shan-Ru Chao)

《臺大社會工作學刊》 1期 (1999/05) Pp. 231-262

https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr1999.01.07

摘要

本文主要是討論「增強力量」觀點之意涵，以及說明社會工作專業採用此觀點所發展出的實務工作要素與應用的處遇策略。「增強力量」即是減少及改善案主無力感的情況，協助案主發展、增加力量的過程，使其有足夠的力量，以提高掌控自己生活及命運的程度。發展與增強力量則必須包括案主本身、其人際關係，以及政治／社區三個層面。而當工作者在實務工作採用此觀點時，則必須特別考慮以下九個要素：價值基礎、社會機構的處遇策略的認可與約制、理論基礎、工作者與案主的關係、問題的界定與研判、目標的設定、角色承擔、處遇策略和技巧，以及評估。其中特別強調工作者和案主之間是伙伴關係，講求合作、信任與分享，必須是以對話和批判分析的方式進行互動。並且視問題界定與研判是案主意識提升的過程。應用在「增強力量」觀點的處遇策略，根據其目的可分成四個向度：第一個向度是協助個人尋求資源，獲得所需要的協助。第二個向度是提供案主處理問題所需要的知識和技巧。第三個向度是進入改變或是調停的目標，主要是協助案主學習有關社會服務和健康照顧的資源，以及如何接近此資源。第四個向度是牽涉了案主對他們問題的政治觀點，包括了能夠解決他們問題的社會行動。以上四個向度之問彼此不是互斥，不是直線或是連續的關係，處遇活動是可以發生在任何的向度。

關鍵字

無力感 ； 伙伴關係 ； 意識提升 ； 處遇策略

並列摘要

This article is mainly aimed at discussing the meanings of empowerment perspective, and explaining the elements of social practice and the strategies of intervention developed and applied by professionals of social work while adopting this perspective. Empowerment is a process of decreasing and improving the sense and situations of helplessness of clients and helping them develop and increase power, so that they have enough power to enhance the degree of controlling their life and fate. The process of developing and increasing power must include three levels: personal; interpersonal; and political/communal. When practitioners adopt this perspective, they have to especially consider the following nine elements: value base, sanctions for intervention, theory base, worker-client relationship, definition and assessment of problem, goal setting, role taking, intervention strategies and techniques, and evaluation. Of those, special stress is put on worker-client relationship to be partnership which requires collaboration, trust and sharing as well as interaction conducted by dialogue and critical analysis. Furthermore, viewing the definition and assessment of problem is a process of clients' conciousness-raising. Based on the purposes, intervention strategies applied in empowering perseptive can be divided into four dimentions: dimention 1-helping clients look for resources and secure needed assistance; dimention 2-providing clients with the knowledge and skills necessary for solving problems; dimention 3-entering the goal of change or mediation, which is mainly to help clients learn about social service and health care resources and how to access them; dimention 4-involving clients in the political aspects of their problems with social action enabling clients to solve their problems. The interrelationship of the four dimentions is not mutually exclusive, linear nor sequential; that is, intervention may begin in any dimention.

並列關鍵字

sense of helplessness ； partnership ； consciousness raising ； intervention strategy