A Checklist for Assessing the Risk of Falls among the Elderly

用評估表評量老人跌倒危險

黃惠璣(Hui-Chi Huang)

《The Journal of Nursing Research》 12卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. 131-142

摘要

本研究目的是以跌倒危險評估表評量老人跌倒的危險因子。跌倒危險評估表是作者
從德爾菲技術 (Delphi technique) 發展形成，經試用後再度修改而成。本研究採橫斷面設計以立意取樣在台北市三家老人安養院 (302 位) 及文山區 (103 位居民) 取得405 個樣本。樣本群根據過去一年中有無跌倒的經驗分成跌倒組 (202人) 和未跌倒組 (203人)。結果發現跌倒組較未跌倒組的簡易認知問卷(Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, SPMSQ) 得分低，需花較多時間完成Get-up & Go 測驗，且較害怕再跌倒。當老人多花一秒的時間完成Get-up & Go 測驗，或有尿失禁情況，這兩因子會增加老人跌倒的危險性。老人居住的環境中若廚房燈光灰暗、自家門口前 (或後門)有堆積物品，其發生跌倒的危險機會就分別增加為22或13倍。本研究使用的跌倒評估表，可提供照護者識別高危險跌倒的老人，以利事先採取預防跌倒的措施，減少危險之發生。

關鍵字

老人 ； 跌倒 ； 危險因子 ； 評估表 ； 環境

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of falls among elderly citizens by using a check list. This check list was initially developed using the Delphi technique, then re fined on the basis of re search findings. Cross-sectional de sign and a purposive sample were used, with the sample selected from three sheltered housing projects (n = 302) and from Win-san district (n = 103) in Taipei, comprising 405 participants. On the basis of their experiences of falling in the previous year, participants were classified into two groups: fall (n = 202) and non-fall (n = 203). Participants in the fall group had lower scores on an SPMSQ (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), took longer to complete the Get-up & Go test and were more afraid of falling. Participants who took longer than one second to complete the Get-up & Go test or had urinary frequency or in continence problems were found to be at greater risks for falls. The elderly who lived in homes with dimly lit kitchens and clutters at entryways (or backyards) were found to be at a consider ably greater risk, by 22 or 13 times respectively. This check list can be used by care providers to identify those providing care to the elderly, those at high risk of falls, and to pre vent such falls or, at least lessen the risks of falls.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； falls ； risk factor ； check list ； environment.

參考文獻

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