嘉慶道光年間兩淮鹽商消乏倒閉原因初探（1796-1850）

Research on the Reasons for the Decline and Collapse of Salt Merchants in Lianghuai Area during the Chiaching and Daoguang Periods (1796-1850)

劉常山(Chang-Shan Liu)

《逢甲人文社會學報》 24期 (2012/06) Pp. 135-163

https://doi.org/10.29695/FCJHSS.201206.0005

摘要

這篇論文旨在探究，嘉慶（1796-1820）至道光年間（1821-1850），兩淮鹽商資本消乏，紛紛倒閉的原因。陶澍在兩江地區進行的鹽務改革，是否導致兩淮地區鹽商的消乏倒閉？如果陶澍的改革與兩淮鹽商消乏倒閉並無直接的關聯性，那麼兩淮鹽商消乏倒閉的真實原因為何？由於清代鹽業是特許行業，不是一般人能經營的，鹽商受到政府特別的保障，也受到政府過多的干涉，鹽商用心於結交官府，冀得官方庇佑，其因應環境變遷的能力也特別薄弱。本文從外在環境、制度缺陷、鹽商自身三方面探究此一複雜的問題。

關鍵字

鹽務 ； 陶澍 ； 私鹽 ； 道光蕭條

並列摘要

The Paper researches on the reasons for the capital decline and successional collapse of salt merchants in Lianghuai area during the periods of Chiaching (1796-1820) and Daoguang (1821-1850). Was the downfall of salt merchants resulted by the reform of salt affairs by Tao Shu, the viceroy of Lianjiang area? Or if the reform by Tao Shu had no immediate bearing on the decay, then what led to it actually? In the Ching Dynasty the salt trade was the licensing industry, which could not be managed by the general public. The salt merchants were especially protected, but also considerably interfered by the government. In order to be taken under the government's wing, they engaged themselves particularly in making good relationship with officials. Their ability to adjust to environmental changes were therefore especially weak. This paper investigates into the complicated question from three aspects, including the external environment, institutional defects and salt merchants.

並列關鍵字

Salt Affairs ； Tao Shu ； Private Salt ； Daoguang Depression

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