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面對外來佛教:佛教全球化對台灣漢傳佛教僧尼的影響

Facing Foreign Buddhism: The Influence of Globalization on Monks and Nuns of Chinese Buddhism in Taiwan

摘要


1980年代前後,台灣佛教進入一個新的發展階段。在台灣社會的政治自由化和宗教去管制化的雙重帶動下,許多本土新興的佛教勢力蓬勃發展;與此同時發生的,還有外來佛教陸續來台,使得台灣成為各種佛教傳統匯聚的顯著據點。在佛教全球化的脈絡下,台灣佛教增加了多元性和異質性,並且提供了台灣僧尼更多的宗教選擇,因而擴大了僧尼之間在教理認知及實踐的差異。如今,佛教全球化已經是理解當代台灣佛教變遷一個不可忽略的面向。本文從微觀的角度,透過問卷調查探討外來佛教對台灣漢傳佛教僧尼所產生的影響,並藉以檢視當代台灣佛教變遷的樣貌。調查內容包括:僧尼出國參與宗教活動的經驗、世界知名佛教人物著作的閱讀狀況、對外來佛教特有的觀念和實踐的認知、影響他們個人修行的佛教人物或著作,以及他們如何評價漢傳佛教、南傳佛教和藏傳佛教的優缺點等。針對以上議題的分析結果顯示,外來佛教已經透過各種途徑對台灣漢傳佛教僧尼產生程度不一的影響。

並列摘要


Since the 1980s, Taiwanese Buddhism has entered a new stage of transitions. Accompanied by the political liberation and the deregulation of religion, not only new native Buddhist forces have been thriving, but also many foreign Buddhist groups have entered Taiwan. The trend of globalization brings the convergence of Buddhism from different countries into Taiwan, which increases the diversity of Taiwanese Buddhism and offers plenty of religious options for monks and nuns. Hence, the perspective of globalization seems to be indispensable to understand the contemporary transformations of Taiwanese Buddhism. This paper aims to explore how monks and nuns of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism respond to these newly coming Buddhism by a small-scale survey. The questions include if they have been abroad for religious purposes, how many of them have read books written by some world-known Buddhist masters, which Buddhist masters or books have inspired them profoundly, and how they evaluate Chinese Mahayana Buddhism contrast to newly coming Theravada Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism. Many evidences confirm that foreign Buddhism have significantly influenced the religious lives and aspiration of Taiwanese monks and nuns in various ways.

參考文獻


陳家倫(2012)。南傳佛教在台灣的發展與影響:全球化的分析觀點。台灣社會學。5,155-206。
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