- 期刊
前冷戰馬華女性書寫：《新婦女》的左翼政治與女性身體
Pre-Cold War Women's Writing in Malaya: Leftist Politics and the Female Body in New Women Monthly
摘要
冷戰前夕，左右陣營的意識形態之爭雖已逐漸成形，但未全面展開。在馬來亞，二戰結束後言論和活動空間的小開放促成蓬勃的思想交流和出版。由南來文人沈茲九創刊的左翼婦女雜誌《新婦女》月刊就在這時候誕生，並在1948年緊急狀態頒布以後消聲匿跡。短暫的「馬來亞之春」促成探討婦女問題的契機，而《新婦女》這個平台雖以左翼民族主義為主軸，卻也提供各種不以意識形態掛帥的空間，匯聚關心婦女問題的書寫者。本文首先討論該雜誌提出的各種馬來亞婦女問題，探討圍繞著建構「新婦女」的話語揭示了怎樣的理想馬華婦女形象和話語空間。第二，本文聚焦雜誌中對女性身體的描寫，尤其是對底 層勞動女性的再現，以及針對知識女性自殺問題的評論。在民族和國家主義當前，該雜誌如何呈現女性身體的自主和言說慾望？第三，本文以《新婦女》的文學創作為例，說明該雜誌如何文學化馬來亞婦女困境，探究女性作者書寫自身經驗的意義，並挖掘如女作家潘君莪等人的寫作特色。
並列摘要
In the eve of the Cold War, the ideological struggle between the left and right camps had begun to take shape but had not yet fully unfolded. In Malaya, the limited openness of speech following the end of World War II fostered vigorous exchange of ideas and publication. It was during this time that the left-wing women's magazine New Women Monthly, founded by Chinese feminist Shen Zijiu, emerged and disappeared after the declaration of emergency in 1948. The brief "Malayan Spring" period created an opportunity to explore women's issues, and New Women Monthly, while focusing on left-wing nationalism, also provided space for writers who were concerned about women's issues not governed by political ideology. This article first discusses the various issues facing Malayan women as presented in the magazine, exploring how the discourse surrounding the construction of the "new woman" was created, which featured the idealized images of women. Second, this article focuses on the magazine's descriptions of women's bodies, particularly the representation of lower-class female labourers and the commentary on the issue of suicide among educated women. How did the magazine perceive women's bodily autonomy and their desire to express in the context of nationalism and statehood? Third, this article uses the literary works published in the magazine as examples to demonstrate how the magazine fictionalizes the plights of Malayan women, and it illustrates the significance of female authors writing about their own experiences, further uncovering the writing characteristics of less-known female authors such as Pan Jun-E.