台灣的農業金融問題之探討

An Investigation to Taiwan's Agricultural Finance Difficulties

許振明(Chen-Min Hsu)

《國家政策季刊》 3卷4期 (2004/12) Pp. 125-145

https://doi.org/10.6407/NPQ.200412.0125

摘要

自從2003年通過農業金融法後，我國的金融體制已經成為一般金融及農業金融之雙元金融體制。隨著金融改革的推動，一般金融機構之逾期放款比例顯著下降，使得銀行信用緊縮的壓力獲得抒解，對於金融穩定有顯著的貢獻。然而農業金融的問題仍然存在，並未因農業金融法的制訂而獲得解決。農業金融法的通過，充其量只是暫時解決政治問題而已，如何根本解決當前的農業金融問題，為本文所要探討的主旨。
臺灣的農業金融自1990年民營銀行開放新設以來，問題日漸嚴重。加上農業發展衰退，農業現代化不及工商業的發展，房地產泡沬破滅後使得農地價值疲弱不振，農村的發展及農民的所得一蹶不振。農業金融問題與農業、農村、農民之三農問題息息相關。此外，農業金融體制的改革並未因農業金融法的施行得到根本解決，未來應有配套措施才能避免農業金融危機再出現，此亦為本文欲探討的重點。

關鍵字

農業金融法 ； 農漁會信用部 ； 雙元金融 ； 存款保險 ； 金融改革 ； 金融重建基金

並列摘要

To resolve the problem of unsound operation and too large amount of nonperforming loans by the credit departments of farmers' and fishermen's associations, Taiwan's government had enforced the Agricultural Finance Act in July 2003. The financial system in Taiwan became a dual system since then, i.e. commercial and industrial banks versus regional agricultural financial institutions. Although the Agricultural Finance Act is aimed at dealing with the financial problem mentioned above, difficulties in the operations of regional financial institutions remained.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the sources of these difficulties. It is shown that there exist at least three main problems in agricultural finance sector. That is low productivity in agricultural industry, underdevelopment in agricultural villages and relative low income of farmers and fishermen. Without solving these basic problems, this paper pointed out the agricultural finance was confronted with a dead end still. Moreover, it also showed that without carefully constructing a new agricultural finance subsystem and strengthening its governance, a regional financial crisis might come out occasionally. And this will impede the future economic and financial development as well as the political stability. It suggested that how the government should deal with these difficulties.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural Finance Act ； credit departments of Farmers' and Fishermen's Associations ； dual financing ； financial reform ； Restructure Trust Corporation RTC